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QEnzymesCoagulase Coagulate blood Kinases Digest fibrin clots Hyaluronidase Hydrolyses hyaluronic acid Collagenase Hydrolyzes collagen IgA proteases Destroy IgA antibodies Siderophores Take iron from host iron- binding proteins Antigenic variation Alter surface proteins    _G3Penetration into the Host Cell  R Toxin Substances that contribute to pathogenicity Toxigenicity Ability to produce a toxin Toxemia Presence of toxin the host's blood Toxoid Inactivated toxin used in a vaccine Antitoxin Antibodies against a specific toxin,&GUQ6Exotoxin S Endotoxin    iN Exotoxins A-B toxins or type Iii toxinsT Exotoxins Superantigens or type I toxins Cause an intense immune response due to release of cytokines from host cells Fever, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, shock, death&}} U Exotoxins Superantigens or type I toxins Cause an intense immune response due to release of cytokines from host cells Fever, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, shock, death&}} V  `  W  XCytopathic Effects of Viruses   YPathogenic Properties of Fungi Fungal waste products may cause symptoms Chronic infections provoke an allergic response Tichothecene toxins inhibit protein synthesis Fusarium Proteases Candida, Trichophyton Capsule prevents phagocytosis Cryptococcus Ergot toxin Claviceps       tX !    aPathogenic Properties of Fungi JAflatoxin Aspergillus Mycotoxins Neurotoxins: Phalloidin, amanitin Amanitaj  "  "  6    Z!Pathogenic Properties of Protozoa "!Presence of protozoa Protozoan waste products may cause symptoms Avoid host defenses by Growing in phagocytes Antigenic variation&X*X*\"Pathogenic Properties of Helminths #" pUse host tissue Presence of parasite interferes with host function Parasite's metabolic waste can cause symptoms]Pathogenic Properties of Algae ONeurotoxins produced by dinoflagellates Saxitoxin Paralytic shellfish poisoning:( ( ^Portals of Exit Respiratory tract Coughing, sneezing Gastrointestinal tract Feces, saliva Genitourinary tract Urine, vaginal secretions Skin Blood Biting arthropods, needles/syringes $ $_    ` 33` Sf3f` 33g` f` www3PP` ZXdbmo` \ғq>9y`Ӣ` 3f3ff` 3f3FKf` hk]wwwfܹ` ff>>\`Y{ff` R>&- {p_/̴>?" dZ@!n?" dfZ(@ @` n?" dd@   @@``PZd   @ ` `.fp>> e] (  `   s *"  6wE ` ]<$D<  T Click to edit Master title style! !"  <wE  G   RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!     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EAN INTRODUCTIONff @ <{wE" ] FEIGHTH EDITION fB @ 6D"P,$D , @ 6wE"0 >TORTORA " FUNKE " CASE2  B @ 6D"P,$D ,B @ s *޽h ? 33 0D$(  Dr D S ywE@`0   r D S WlE@` `  H D 0޽h ? 33  @PD(  PR P s *0x P c $8wE0     P  6uEp[   B P@ 6Df8c",$D ,H P 0޽h ? 33  P<(     0uEJ   x  c $ uEY    H  0޽h ? 33  `8<(  8 8  0XuE|   x 8 c $X(uEY    H 8 0޽h ? 33   V N p.<  (  <x < c $$uEY     b N-.  .<#""r%$%F%9   < <VE?"@ -.  z250,000-1,000,000 endospores  @`  < <8VE?"N @ .  g Ingestion    @`  < <XVE?"@ -  v10,000-20,000 endospores  @` < <VE?"N@  h Inhalation    @` < <xVE?"@ - n10-50 endospores  @` < <VE?"N@  bSkin  @` < <؞VE?"@ - ID50>  @` < <xVE?"N@  oPortal of entry  @`nB < 01 ?"N-nB < 01 ?"@ @ . tB < 61 ?"N-tB < 61 ?"NN. tB < 61 ?"--. tB < 61 ?"N. -. nB < 01 ?"N-nB < 01 ?"N - H < 0޽h ? 33  <( 8    0&uEc   x  c $8'uEY    H  0޽h ? 33  @<(  @ @  0$uE\  x @ c $%uEY    H @ 0޽h ? 33{  +#`( ,} `x ` c $8uEY     ` 0vE,$, = Figure 15.2   * ` S  A15-02_Salmonella.jpg 000302CC Macintosh HD ABA78158:kH ` 0޽h ? 33|  ,$D(  D D  0vE   H D 0޽h ? 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QPathogenicity The ability to cause disease Virulence The extent of pathogenicity 6O4Portals of Entry&Mucous membranes Skin Parenteral route ~ONumbers of Invading Microbes rID50: Infectious dose for 50% of the test population LD50: Lethal dose (of a toxin) for 50% of the test population6s3:PBacillus anthracis$  R7 AdherenceAdhesions/ligands bind to receptors on host cells Glycocalyx Streptococcus mutans Fimbriae Escherichia coli M protein Streptococcus pyogenes Opa protein Neisseria gonorrhoeae Tapered end Treponema pallidum22   l  !  QEnzymesCoagulase Coagulate blood Kinases Digest fibrin clots Hyaluronidase Hydrolyses hyaluronic acid Collagenase Hydrolyzes collagen IgA proteases Destroy IgA antibodies Siderophores Take iron from host iron- binding proteins Antigenic variation Alter surface proteins    _G3Penetration into the Host Cell  R Toxin Substances that contribute to pathogenicity Toxigenicity Ability to produce a toxin Toxemia Presence of toxin the host's blood Toxoid Inactivated toxin used in a vaccine Antitoxin Antibodies against a specific toxin,&GUQ6Exotoxin S Endotoxin    iN Exotoxins A-B toxins or type Iii toxinsT Exotoxins Superantigens or type I toxins Cause an intense immune response due to release of cytokines from host cells Fever, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, shock, death&}} U Exotoxins Superantigens or type I toxins Cause an intense immune response due to release of cytokines from host cells Fever, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, shock, death&}} V  `  W  XCytopathic Effects of Viruses   YPathogenic Properties of Fungi Fungal waste products may cause symptoms Chronic infections provoke an allergic response Tichothecene toxins inhibit protein synthesis Fusarium Proteases Candida, Trichophyton Capsule prevents phagocytosis Cryptococcus Ergot toxin Claviceps       tX !    aPathogenic Properties of Fungi JAflatoxin Aspergillus Mycotoxins Neurotoxins: Phalloidin, amanitin Amanitaj  "  "  6    Z!Pathogenic Properties of Protozoa "!Presence of protozoa Protozoan waste products may cause symptoms Avoid host defenses by Growing in phagocytes Antigenic variation&X*X*\"Pathogenic Properties of Helminths #" pUse host tissue Presence of parasite interferes with host function Parasite's metabolic waste can cause symptoms]Pathogenic Properties of Algae ONeurotoxins produced by dinoflagellates Saxitoxin Paralytic shellfish poisoning:( ( ^Portals of Exit Respiratory tract Coughing, sneezing Gastrointestinal tract Feces, saliva Genitourinary tract Urine, vaginal secretions Skin Blood Biting arthropods, needles/syringes $ $_    2*(  x  c $(vEY      0vE,$, > Figure 15.4a   0  c  A15-04_Toxins_1.jpg 000302CC Macintosh HD ABA78158:kZH  0޽h ? 33  2*H(  Hx H c $vEY     H 0vE,$, > Figure 15.4b   0 H c  qjA15-04_Toxins_1.jpg 000302CC Macintosh HD ABA78158:uH H 0޽h ? 33   H0( D HH H 0޽h ? 33r I[QG %S'(  8 ( frame.html(frame.html(frame.html(frame.htmlx}Document Word.Document.808Microsoft Word 2001 DocumentxDocument Word.Document.808Microsoft Word 2001 DocumentF/ 0|DTimes New RomanwEH;E@PEPLKEPgEtEPLKEPgDArialNew RomanwEH;E@PEPLKEPgEtEPLKEPg DGenevaew RomanwEH;E@PEPLKEPgEtEPLKEPg0DWingdingsRomanwEH;E@PEPLKEPgEtEPLKEPg@DTimesngsRomanwEH;E@PEPLKEPgEtEPLKEPg ` .  @n?" dd@  @@`` ph   N          /   _R$8JMw|KidyH$R$.XS#=QeJ,B$zQ}C5kv'jZB$H J[q1>zlc $ fffffff@f8} ʚ;2Nʚ;g4ndndpLEPgKE| Ex|EHbExp p@ <4!d!dLE@PEʚLE>$<4ddddLE@PEʚLE>$<4BdBdLE@PEʚLEP >$ ph___PPT2001D<4XPg? %a Chapter 15%Microbial Mechanisms of PathogenicityD/%Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity"&%. QPathogenicity The ability to cause disease Virulence The extent of pathogenicity 6O4Portals of Entry&Mucous membranes Skin Parenteral route ~ONumbers of Invading Microbes rID50: Infectious dose for 50% of the test population LD50: Lethal dose (of a toxin) for 50% of the test population6s3:PBacillus anthracis$  R7 AdherenceAdhesions/ligands bind to receptors on host cells Glycocalyx Streptococcus mutans Fimbriae Escherichia coli M protein Streptococcus pyogenes Opa protein Neisseria gonorrhoeae Tapered end Treponema pallidum22   l  !  QEnzymesCoagulase Coagulate blood Kinases Digest fibrin clots Hyaluronidase Hydrolyses hyaluronic acid Collagenase Hydrolyzes collagen IgA proteases Destroy IgA antibodies Siderophores Take iron from host iron- binding proteins Antigenic variation Alter surface proteins    _G3Penetration into the Host Cell  R Toxin Substances that contribute to pathogenicity Toxigenicity Ability to produce a toxin Toxemia Presence of toxin the host's blood Toxoid Inactivated toxin used in a vaccine Antitoxin Antibodies against a specific toxin,&GUQ6Exotoxin S Endotoxin    iN Exotoxins A-B toxins or type Iii toxinsT Exotoxins Superantigens or type I toxins Cause an intense immune response due to release of cytokines from host cells Fever, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, shock, death&}} U Exotoxins Superantigens or type I toxins Cause an intense immune response due to release of cytokines from host cells Fever, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, shock, death&}} V  `  W  XCytopathic Effects of Viruses   YPathogenic Properties of Fungi Fungal waste products may cause symptoms Chronic infections provoke an allergic response Tichothecene toxins inhibit protein synthesis Fusarium Proteases Candida, Trichophyton Capsule prevents phagocytosis Cryptococcus Ergot toxin Claviceps       tX !    aPathogenic Properties of Fungi JAflatoxin Aspergillus Mycotoxins Neurotoxins: Phalloidin, amanitin Amanitaj  "  "  6    Z!Pathogenic Properties of Protozoa "!Presence of protozoa Protozoan waste products may cause symptoms Avoid host defenses by Growing in phagocytes Antigenic variation&X*X*\"Pathogenic Properties of Helminths #" pUse host tissue Presence of parasite interferes with host function Parasite's metabolic waste can cause symptoms]Pathogenic Properties of Algae ONeurotoxins produced by dinoflagellates Saxitoxin Paralytic shellfish poisoning:( ( ^Portals of Exit Respiratory tract Coughing, sneezing Gastrointestinal tract Feces, saliva Genitourinary tract Urine, vaginal secretions Skin Blood Biting arthropods, needles/syringes $ $_    meMHh ( D HUn Ns-3 MH#"."qMlOUVV"N- FH Bx]}E?" -3 eSmallP  @` DH B]}E?"N 3 |LD504P   @` ?H B^}E?" - cYesP  @` =H BXb}E?"N  vNeutralized by antitoxinP  @` H BhtE?" 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QPathogenicity The ability to cause disease Virulence The extent of pathogenicity 6O4Portals of Entry&Mucous membranes Skin Parenteral route ~ONumbers of Invading Microbes rID50: Infectious dose for 50% of the test population LD50: Lethal dose (of a toxin) for 50% of the test population6s3:PBacillus anthracis$  R7 AdherenceAdhesions/ligands bind to receptors on host cells Glycocalyx Streptococcus mutans Fimbriae Escherichia coli M protein Streptococcus pyogenes Opa protein Neisseria gonorrhoeae Tapered end Treponema pallidum22   l  !  QEnzymesCoagulase Coagulate blood Kinases Digest fibrin clots Hyaluronidase Hydrolyses hyaluronic acid Collagenase Hydrolyzes collagen IgA proteases Destroy IgA antibodies Siderophores Take iron from host iron- binding proteins Antigenic variation Alter surface proteins    _G3Penetration into the Host Cell  R Toxin Substances that contribute to pathogenicity Toxigenicity Ability to produce a toxin Toxemia Presence of toxin the host's blood Toxoid Inactivated toxin used in a vaccine Antitoxin Antibodies against a specific toxin,&GUQ6Exotoxin S Endotoxin    iN Exotoxins A-B toxins or type Iii toxinsT Exotoxins Superantigens or type I toxins Cause an intense immune response due to release of cytokines from host cells Fever, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, shock, death&}} U Exotoxins dMembrane-disrupting toxins or type II toxins Lyse host s cells by: Making protein channels in the plasma membrane (e.g., leukocidins, hemolysins) Disrupting phospholipid bilayer:-o-ob Exotoxins Superantigens or type I toxins Cause an intense immune response due to release of cytokines from host cells Fever, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, shock, death&}} V  `  W  XCytopathic Effects of Viruses   YPathogenic Properties of Fungi Fungal waste products may cause symptoms Chronic infections provoke an allergic response Tichothecene toxins inhibit protein synthesis Fusarium Proteases Candida, Trichophyton Capsule prevents phagocytosis Cryptococcus Ergot toxin Claviceps       tX !    aPathogenic Properties of Fungi JAflatoxin Aspergillus Mycotoxins Neurotoxins: Phalloidin, amanitin Amanitaj  "  "  6    Z!Pathogenic Properties of Protozoa "!Presence of protozoa Protozoan waste products may cause symptoms Avoid host defenses by Growing in phagocytes Antigenic variation&X*X*\"Pathogenic Properties of Helminths #" pUse host tissue Presence of parasite interferes with host function Parasite's metabolic waste can cause symptoms]Pathogenic Properties of Algae ONeurotoxins produced by dinoflagellates Saxitoxin Paralytic shellfish poisoning:( ( ^Portals of Exit Respiratory tract Coughing, sneezing Gastrointestinal tract Feces, saliva Genitourinary tract Urine, vaginal secretions Skin Blood Biting arthropods, needles/syringes $ $_     M( l    6vEpyl  x  c $(vEY      0vE,$, = Figure 15.5   *  S A15-05_Exotoxin_1.jpg 000302CC Macintosh HD ABA78158:) H  0޽h ? 33  P<(  P P  0vE8   x P c $hvEY    H P 0޽h ? 33  <( +EE\ \E    0(|E`   x  c $|EY    H  0޽h ? 33r  i59;U z =C)(   ( frame.html(frame.html(frame.html(frame.htmlx}Document Word.Document.808Microsoft Word 2001 DocumentF/ 0|DTimes New RomanwEH;E@PEPLKEPgEtEPLKEPgDArialNew RomanwEH;E@PEPLKEPgEtEPLKEPg DGenevaew RomanwEH;E@PEPLKEPgEtEPLKEPg0DWingdingsRomanwEH;E@PEPLKEPgEtEPLKEPg@DTimesngsRomanwEH;E@PEPLKEPgEtEPLKEPg ` .  @n?" dd@  @@`` LD   N          /   YOR$8JMw|KidyHR$#1., R$.XS#=QeJ,B$zQ}C5kv'jZc $ fffffff@f8} ʚ;2Nʚ;g4ndndpLEPgKE| Ex|EHbExp p@ <4!d!dLE@PEʚLE>$<4ddddLE@PEʚLE>$<4BdBdLE@PEʚLEP >$ ph___PPT2001D<4XPg? % Chapter 15%Microbial Mechanisms of PathogenicityD/%Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity"&%. QPathogenicity The ability to cause disease Virulence The extent of pathogenicity 6O4Portals of Entry&Mucous membranes Skin Parenteral route ~ONumbers of Invading Microbes rID50: Infectious dose for 50% of the test population LD50: Lethal dose (of a toxin) for 50% of the test population6s3:PBacillus anthracis$  R7 AdherenceAdhesions/ligands bind to receptors on host cells Glycocalyx Streptococcus mutans Fimbriae Escherichia coli M protein Streptococcus pyogenes Opa protein Neisseria gonorrhoeae Tapered end Treponema pallidum22   l  !  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QPathogenicity The ability to cause disease Virulence The extent of pathogenicity 6O4Portals of Entry&Mucous membranes Skin Parenteral route ~ONumbers of Invading Microbes rID50: Infectious dose for 50% of the test population LD50: Lethal dose (of a toxin) for 50% of the test population6s3:PBacillus anthracis$  R7 AdherenceAdhesions/ligands bind to receptors on host cells Glycocalyx Streptococcus mutans Fimbriae Escherichia coli M protein Streptococcus pyogenes Opa protein Neisseria gonorrhoeae Tapered end Treponema pallidum22   l  !  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