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Ag Cl "          B*ncS^5u`l (-) Ag 1Ag  Cl 1 AgCl1Ag (+) E = jckg jgjAgCl /Ag j Ag /Ag =0.222 0.799 0.577 3K  n E/0.0591 9.78 Ksp  K  1.710-10  }   FF     =0V0CQ }5uMOV^jA Cu2+ 0.152 Cu+ 0.521 Cu #" 0.34 #" jB Cu(OH)2 -0.08 Cu2O -0.358 Cu jA MnO4-_0.56_MnO42-_2.26_MnO2 _0.95_Mn3+_1.51_Mn2+ -1.18_M #" ( N3z[)  N3z[ #" #"____________1.51________________________#""S*                                          H) ZJ%CQ }5uMOV^(u1.Bl*gw5ug5uMO    2.$RegkSS^&T   I$O (uS^e z_hf Fe3 [ H2O2 vRwPS\O(u0 ]w: +0.682V +1.77V jA: O2 %%%% H2O2%%%%% H2O +0.771V -0.44V jA: Fe3 %%%% Fe2 %%%% Fe      8     :     > (K&]w: Cu + e !! Cu j1= 0.52 V CuCl + e-!!Cu + Cl- j2 = 0.14 VP . . >  (1) QQ(1)0(2)veyre z_, v^{ CuCl v Ksp; (2) \ N$N5u[~b5u`l,QQ5u`l&{S05u`lS^; (3) {S^vrGmT K; (4) S_[Cl ]= 0.10 moldm 3e, s^a8^peKS:NY\? 0        $ % L'\]w 25!eJSS^: Ag (aq) + e  Ag(s) v j = 0.80 V/ >  Bl: (1) S^ 2Ag(s) + 2H (aq)2Ag (aq) + H2 v K1; (2) S5u`lSS^: 2Ag(s) + 2H+(aq) + 2I-(aq) =2AgI(s) + H2 (g) S_[H+]= [I-]= 0.10 moldm-3, P H2= P ev5uRR:N +0.03 V, Bl5u`lvE T NS^vs^a8^peK2 (3) Ksp AgI; (4) Ag &TN"lxx-NnbcQ"l0 Z    &        #    1 11.5 Sf[5un" $ $ N0N!k5u`l 1. 05u`l (-) Zn1ZnCl2 ,NH4Cl1Mn2O3 1 MnO21Ag (+) 2. ^l5u`l (-) Zn1ZnO ,KOH1HgO1 Hg1C (+) `(' b& 2 N0N!k5u`l$1.ŔĄ5u`l (-) Pb1PbSO4 ,H2SO4(1.25~1.30gcm-3)1 PbO2 (+) 2.M5u`l (-) Cd1Cd(OH)2, KOH(1.19~1.21gcm-3), Ni(OH)2 1NiO(OH) 1C(+)0=  &.  &.  \ , & 3 11.6 5u" $ $  5u 5u@ z ` 33PP` 3333` ___MMM` 13` 333fpKNāvI` j@v۩ῑ΂H` Q_{>?" dd@,?n<d@ `7 `2@`7``2 n?" dd@   @@``PR    @ ` ` p>>    J (     < " .A  TȐd" .A  <"U_ .A  Td">& .A  N`"P .A  <"p .A  C x?d?"bUv .A  6 "U  LUSQdkYkHrh7h_     0l "   8USQdkYkHre,g7h_ ,{N~ ,{ N~ ,{V~ ,{N~    6 "@  ^*  6 "@`   `*  6D "`  `*B  s *޽h ? 3333  Blendsh      (  T +  "+bb P@ # "Dwoh  s *"PP  Bd" P@bb P 0  # "Nyh  s *"P    Bd"P 0 z   <" a*h   s *"    f?d?"+)   <( ?"pP  LUSQdkYkHrh7h_     0X " `    NUSQdkYkHroRh7h_   6$ "`p   b*  6 "`p   d*   6; "`  d* B  s *޽h ? 3333  f^0(  r  S  U     S d P <$ 0    S D  I0<$0  H  0޽h ? 3333 |t@ (  <  Z 9 ??P`P0,$D 0 ~11.1 e z_vMs^ 6,$$   0 `,$D0 n~Review N0'lSpel W,gSRS^-N'lSBRCQ }'lSpeMNO  3 A?1 H  0޽h ? ̙33  f^(  r  S *9   9 r  S \+9 P   9   0,9   jh` N 298KerG  fGZn2+ fGCu2+  147.06 65.249 212.31kJ.mol-1 _ n< &/&////:&.&j;H  0޽h ? 3333^  (  r  S x19 U  9 r  S \E9   9 r  S F9   P 9 H  0޽h ? 3333&    f(     S N9 <$ 0 9 p  0O9 0 ,$D 0 &MnO4 ! Mn2  n<# + +  # + # x  0]9  p ,$D 0  MnO4 +5e ! Mn2  n<# + + #  # + #   0r9   ,$D 0 40MnO4 +8H 5e  Mn2 +4H2O # + + # + #  # + # + # +   09 @,$D 0 ,<Ms^lax'`N(H H2O x'`N((uOH H2O  # + # + # + # + # $ H  0޽h ? 3333  h`0 $(  $r $ S @9 U  9 r $ S 9   9 v  $ N ??e> $ 3 A?1P    $ 0ԋ9  0` PV_h:y(-) Zn |Zn2+(c1) Cu2+ (c2) |Cu (+) ) n< ##+#+#'#+#+#+## H $ 0޽h ? 3333  F>@,(  ,r , S ԓ9 p 9 r , S 9    9  , BL9  U  9   , 09 p @ l glmSNS^AgCl+ eAg+ Cl Ag|AgCl,Cl (c) n< n<#+#c##    # RH , 0޽h ? 3333  f^P0(  0r 0 S 9 U  9  0 S 9 i <$ 0 9  0 S 9 P P<$D 0 9 H 0 0޽h ? 3333  f^`4(  4r 4 S 9 U  9  4 S 9  <$D 0 9  4 S 9   <$ 0 9 H 4 0޽h ? 3333     p . (    S 9 P <$D 0 9   c 90e0e  @ <$D 0 9   0h9  pp0 ,$D 0 4&h` NS^ rG nFE  n<&'kk'kk6  09 `  ,$D 0 2&rG  rG +RT lnQ n<''kk'#>   0; 0 ,$D 0 $E  E RT/nF lnQ n<''kk'#,    0 ;  0,$D 0 *E  E 0.0592/n lgQ n<''kk' #>   0d ;  ,$D 0 1.Nernste z@ n< ggH  0޽h ? 3333   8J(  8 8 S D; Pi <$D 0 ;  8 c p;0e0e  U<$D 0  ;  8 c $A  ?? 0` 8  $D  0 8 Z+; ?? ,$D  0 Zn+ Cu2+(aq)!!Zn2+(aq)+ Cu h` N rG  212.31kJ.mol dkS^~b5u`l E0 212.3/(2 96.5 )=1.10O 298Kes^a8^pe, lgKo= 2 1.10/0.0592=37.16R n<2c n<2 &/&. &&.& H 8 0޽h ? 33334  t(  r  S 9;   ;   S :; P` <$D 0 ;   c $A ??P  8 $D 0&  0 =;  0 ,$D 0 (22.10/0.059270.958 n<BZ  0 H;  0 `,$D 0 Ko8.91070d n< B  H  0޽h ? 3333  f^(  r  S _; U  ;   S x`; P <$0 ;   S Xa;  P<$ 0 ; H  0޽h ? 3333  <"(  <r < S (h; U  ;  < c $i;  <$D 0 ;  < XA ?4p p<$D 0 ;H < 0޽h ? 3333  f^D(  Dr D S 4q; U  ;  D S r;  <$ 0 ;  D S r;  <$ 0 ; H D 0޽h ? 3333  xp H(  H H S ; U<$D 0  ;  H S ; p <$D 0 ; \ H 0; P pw,$D 0 PE jck j jcko jo) 0.0592/2 lg = (j o (Fe3+/Fe2+)+0.0592 lg )- (j o (Cu2+/Cu)+ 0.0592/2 lg cCu2+)0n<Z% !' '!' ?'!)!z Q  H c $A ?? p 8 $D 0  H c $A ?? 0 5o8 $D 0H H 0޽h ? 3333  F > P (  <  0p  @yw,$D 0 |Yu^l5ug Hg2Cl2(s)+2e2Hg (l)+2Cl j Hg2Cl2 /Hg= j Hg2Cl2 /Hg +? n<'/'/'/' '/'/' '/'/'"8  c $A ?? 0 r8 $D 0  c $A ??`0" 8 $D 0  0 0,$D 0 t E jck j jck= j o (Fe3+/Fe2+)+0.0592 lg ;0n<Z!'' ' !>  c $A ?? P U8 $D 0   fy ??,$D 0 LJj=j o (Cu2+/Cu)+ 0.0592/2 lg cCu2+)&0n<Z'  '!)!,H  0޽h ? 3333  phL(  Lr L S  ; P  ;  L S ; P   <$D 0 ;  L c $A !??0. 8 !$D 0 L 0; P ,$D 0 z O2+4H++4e4H2O j O2 /H2O1.230 V pO2=po cH+=1.0> n<     '/'/ ''/'/'/'",H L 0޽h ? 3333T    `P (  P P 0  p,$D 0 JzO2+2H2O+4e4OH j O2 /OH 0.401V pO2=po cOH-=1.0|> n<    ''/''/'/ '/'( P 0 P,$D 0 ^ O2+4H++4e4H2O j O2 /H2O? pO2=po cH+=1.0 Nj O2 /OH vsQ>M n<     '/'/''/'/'/'''/'/N% T P 0X ,$D 0 Fj O2 /H2O j O2 /OH  j O2 /OH + (cOH-=10-14) =0.401+ =0.401+0.829 =1.230  n< '/'/'''/' ''/ '/'/q'4( Q P c $A ?? 8 $D 0 P c $A ??  8 $D 0H P 0޽h ? 3333 LDpT(  T T 0D P,$ 0  Ag++e Ag j Ag/Ag+=0.799 AgCl(s)+eAg (s)+Cl j AgCl /Ag=? hQ`ecCl-1.0 ! cAg+=KspAgCl j AgCl /Ag= j Ag+ /Ag = j Ag+ /Ag +0.0592lg cAg+ =0.799+0.0592 lg 1.810-10 =0.2217 V6 n<'/ '  '/' '' '/'CCKC'C '''/' '/' CK,    &$(H T 0޽h ? 3333Z    X(  X X 0P& y ,$ 0 < Ag(NH3)2 + +eAg (s)+2NH3 j Ag(NH3)2+/Ag hQ`ecAg(NH3)2+ 1.0 cNH3=1.0 cAg+= ? cAg+= cAg(NH3)2+ / K3z c2NH31 / K3z~ n<'/'//'/'  '/' '/'''''/''/''//'/|-   X 0w @ ,$ 0  Ag++e Ag j Ag/Ag+=0.799 j Ag+ /Ag = j Ag+ /Ag +0.0592lg cAg+ e n<'/ '  ''/' '/' CKF !H X 0޽h ? 3333  \P(  \r \ S x; U  ;  \ S X;  y<$ 0 ; H \ 0޽h ? 3333  `P(  `r ` S H? U  ?  ` S I? P <$0 ? H ` 0޽h ? 3333d   (    S dO? <$ 0 ?   S DP?  <$D 0 ?   c $A ??0  8 $D 0  c $A ?? p8 $D 0H  0޽h ? 3333   d \ d(  dr d S LV? U  ? r d S W?   ? > d Z0\? ??P R]w: jI2 /I = 0.54 V, jFe3 /Fe2 = 0.77 V,*   /      /      %P d Z,? ??PPc  a$ (W NSO|-NReQKCN OcCN-=1.0 K3z[Fe(CN)6]3 = 1.01042 , K3z[Fe(CN)6]4 = 1.01035 dkeS^&TSU'         b  d 0h?   b:dkecFe3+= cFe2+=1/K3zII (n<   CckCCCKCC*` d c $A '?? `  'H d 0޽h ? 3333  vn0h(  hr h S 1?    ? ` h c $A (?? (` h c $A +??@y @  + h Zpq? ??@@` dK3z[Fe(CN)6]3 = 1.01042 , K3z[Fe(CN)6]4 = 1.01035F3        ,H h 0޽h ? 3333^  @l(  lr l S ? U  ?  l S ?  <$D 0 ?  l c $A ,?? 0` 8 ,$D 0 l 6ė?  p`,$D0 lQ_.,k  l c $A /??P  8 /$D 0H l 0޽h ? 3333<  Pp|(  p p S Ȥ? U<$D 0  ?  p S ?  <$ 0 ? H p 0޽h ? 3333  `tP(  tr t S ? U  ?  t S p?  <$ 0 ? H t 0޽h ? 3333  px$(  xr x S ? U  ? r x S Ķ?  ? H x 0޽h ? 3333N  (  r  S |@ U  @ r  S 8@ I  @ r  S @   @    f<@ ??  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