单=
987;此处编辑母版标题样=
;式
单击=
7492;处编辑母版副标题੫=
9;式
‹日期/时间›
‹#›
‹页脚›
‹#›
------=_NextPart_01C964E8.4B69B960
Content-Location: file:///C:/9F2568D1/enzymology1.files/pres.xml
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: text/xml; charset="utf-8"
![](3D"master04_background.gif")
![](3D"master04_image001.gif")
![](3D"slide0312_image003.gif")
•主要教学内容<=
br>
酶的&#=
32467;构
酶的&#= 20998;离纯化
酶的&#= 20998;离纯化
• 酶活的测定
酶动&#= 21147;学
酶的&#= 24212;用
seminar（2003年以后的外文&= #25991;献）
与医药和食品相关= 0340;酶
酶动&#= 21147;学
酶的&#= 24212;用
seminar（2003年以后的外文&= #25991;献）
与医药和食品相关= 0340;酶
<=
span
style=3D'font-weight:normal'>•分数评定
Seminar(40%)+期末考(60%)
Seminar(40%)+期末考(60%)
Foundamentals of Enzymology,
Nicholasc Price & Lewis Stevens, 1989
《生物&=
#21270;学》 沈同 王镜岩=
027;编，高等教育出版社=
;
<=
span
style=3D'font-family:"Times New Roman";font-size:88%;font-weight:normal'><=
span
style=3D'mso-special-format:bullet;mso-bullet-image:"image004\.gif";color:=
#6B6BAB;
font-family:Wingdings'>=
298;食品酶学》王璋 编 轻工业=
986;版社，北京，1990年
<=
/div>
=
298;食品酶学》王璋 编 轻工业=
986;版社，北京，1990年
<=
/div>
<=
span
style=3D'font-family:"Times New Roman";font-size:88%;font-weight:normal'><=
span
style=3D'mso-special-format:bullet;mso-bullet-image:"image004\.gif";color:=
#6B6BAB;
font-family:Wingdings'>=
298;酶与食品加工》[英] G.G.伯奇等=
027;编，郑寿亭 等#=
793;，轻工业出版社，北=
;京，1991年
<=
/div>
=
298;酶与食品加工》[英] G.G.伯奇等=
027;编，郑寿亭 等#=
793;，轻工业出版社，北=
;京，1991年
<=
/div>
<=
span
style=3D'font-family:"Times New Roman";font-size:88%;font-weight:normal'><=
span
style=3D'mso-special-format:bullet;mso-bullet-image:"image004\.gif";color:=
#6B6BAB;
font-family:Wingdings'>Principles of Enzymology for the
food science, J. R. Whitaker, 1994
Principles of Enzymology for the
food science, J. R. Whitaker, 1994
<=
span
style=3D'font-family:"Times New Roman";font-size:88%;font-weight:normal'><=
span
style=3D'mso-special-format:bullet;mso-bullet-image:"image004\.gif";color:=
#6B6BAB;
font-family:Wingdings'>Source Book of Food Enzymology S.
Schwimmer, 1980
Source Book of Food Enzymology S.
Schwimmer, 1980
<=
span
style=3D'font-family:"Times New Roman";font-size:88%;font-weight:normal'><=
span
style=3D'mso-special-format:bullet;mso-bullet-image:"image004\.gif";color:=
#6B6BAB;
font-family:Wingdings'>Protein Purification, Robert K.
Scopes, New York, 1987
Protein Purification, Robert K.
Scopes, New York, 1987
<=
span
style=3D'font-family:"Times New Roman";font-size:88%;font-weight:normal'><=
span
style=3D'mso-special-format:bullet;mso-bullet-image:"image004\.gif";color:=
#6B6BAB;
font-family:Wingdings'>%=
238;的结构和作用机制=
【英】ALAN Fersht, =
460;锦珠等#=
793;，北京大学出版社=
%=
238;的结构和作用机制=
【英】ALAN Fersht, =
460;锦珠等#=
793;，北京大学出版社=
=
=
参考书
![](3D"slide0315_image005.gif")
![](3D"slide0315_image007.jpg")
=
酶学的重=
;要性
![](3D"slide0352_image008.gif")
=
=
细胞内酶无=
所不在=
;
![3D"文本框:](3D"slide0352_image011.gif")
=
=
Klei=
nsmith
& Kish (1995) Principles of Cell and Molecular Biology (2e) p.1=
![](3D"dsld0352_image012.gif")
![](3D"slide0353_image013.gif")
=
=
酶参与细胞=
所有&#=
20195;谢路径
![](3D"slide0353_image015.jpg")
![](3D"slide0353_image017.jpg")
=
=
Alberts et al
(2002) Molecular Biology of the Cell (4e) p.107
![](3D"slide0316_image019.jpg")
酶的应用
•食品工业=
3;
•酿造工业=
3;
•饲料工业=
3;
•纺织、皮=
8761;工业
•有机酸工=
9994;
•制药工业=
3;
•生物工程
实际课题=
0013;的应用
<=
span
style=3D'font-family:FZShuTi;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal'>•蛋白酶：
控制蛋白质的&= #27700;解度，改善其功能= 615;质
活性肽的制备&= #65288;ACE CPP）
控制蛋白质的&= #27700;解度，改善其功能= 615;质
活性肽的制备&= #65288;ACE CPP）
酒
低聚糖（低聚&= #26524;糖、低聚木糖、低 = 858;异麦芽糖、= 0302;聚麦芽糖、特种糊౹= 4;）
饮料澄清（银&= #26447;）、啤酒澄清
焙烤食品：阿&= #25289;伯木聚糖酶
面包米饭的抗&= #32769;化
本章主要内容
ü<=
span
lang=3DZH-CN style=3D'font-family:FZShuTi;mso-fareast-font-family:FZShuTi;
font-size:113%;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>酶的简史&#=
13;
ü<=
span
lang=3DZH-CN style=3D'font-family:FZShuTi;mso-fareast-font-family:FZShuTi;
font-size:113%;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>酶的基本&#=
29305;征
ü<=
span
lang=3DZH-CN style=3D'font-family:FZShuTi;mso-fareast-font-family:FZShuTi;
font-size:113%;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>酶制剂的&#=
29983;产
ü<=
span
lang=3DZH-CN style=3D'font-family:FZShuTi;mso-fareast-font-family:FZShuTi;
font-size:113%;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>酶的分类&#=
21644;命名
第一=
6;
引言
第一节
酶的简短历史
酶的ć=
68;初发现
希೭= 8;词“en”= ®in，
=
;
“=
zyme” ® yeast or leaven
![](3D"slide0306_image022.jpg")
![](3D"slide0306_image024.jpg")
![](3D"slide0306_image026.jpg")
![](3D"slide0306_image028.jpg")
![3D"文本框:](3D"slide0306_image029.gif")
=
=
中古欧洲<=
span
style=3D'font-family:"\83EF\5EB7\4E2D\9ED1\9AD4\(P\)";mso-ascii-font-famil=
y:
Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:"\83EF\5EB7\4E2D\9ED1\9AD4\(P\)";mso-hansi-f=
ont-family:
Arial;font-size:133%;layout-flow:horizontal;color:#003399;mso-color-index:
0'>相信人类有四种体液=
![](3D"dsld0306_image030.gif")
=
=
Phlegm
虛弱
=
=
Blood
热情
=
=
Yellow
Bile
暴躁<=
/span>
=
=
Black
Bile
忧=
;郁
=
=
Mile=
stones
of Science (2000) p.36, National Geographic Society; photo from The Granger
Collection, NY
![](3D"slide0266_image032.jpg")
=
=
磨粉
去糠 打碎
![3D"文本框:](3D"slide0266_image033.gif")
=
=
古埃及人&#=
29992;&#=
40614;粉发酵制造啤酒
![](3D"dsld0266_image034.gif")
=
=
成酒
发<=
/span>酵
装<=
/span>瓶
![3D"文本框:](3D"slide0266_image035.gif")
=
=
Discovering Enzyme (1991) =
p.22
![](3D"dsld0266_image036.gif")
=
=
麦芽 萌发 浸 =
070;
![](3D"slide0192_image037.gif")
=
=
酶很早就被人类 所利用=
;
![](3D"slide0192_image038.gif")
![](3D"slide0192_image039.gif")
=
=
埃及壁画
![](3D"slide0192_image040.gif")
=
=
收=
谷
=
=
磨粉
=
=
浸泡
=
=
=
发酵
=
=
啤酒
=
=
神奇转化力量？
![](3D"slide0192_image041.gif")
=
=
酶
![](3D"slide0192_image042.gif")
=
=
Ŵ=
83;解作用产生Ŵ=
02;精
1833年 Payen & Persoz =
清楚认=
识酶
19世纪中=
期 知道存=
在胃蛋白酶、多酚氧化酶、=
过氧化物酶和转化酶=
3;1878年 William Kühne 首先提=
出使用酶这一=
名称 希腊词= 220;en= ”= ®in，
=
;
“zyme=
” =
® yeast or leaven<=
/span>
&n= bsp; 1926 Sumner
&n= bsp; 1930~1940
&n= bsp; 20 测定= 9968;级结构、酶的合成ӌ= 9;酶动力<= span lang=3DZH-CN style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun; font-size:64%;color:white;mso-color-index:1;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>é= 98;
![](3D"slide0320_image044.jpg")
![](3D"slide0320_image046.jpg")
![](3D"slide0303_image047.gif")
=
=
Sum=
ner 对酶的ࡡ=
7;现有重大贡献
![](3D"slide0303_image049.jpg")
=
=
温度<=
/b>
=
=
时间<=
/b>
=
=
進行酶反&=
#24212;的试管<=
/b>
![](3D"slide0303_image050.gif")
=
=
Sumner
![](3D"slide0303_image052.jpg")
=
=
Urease crystal
![](3D"slide0303_image053.gif")
![](3D"slide0303_image055.jpg")
![3D"文本框:](3D"slide0303_image056.gif")
=
=
Discovering
Enzyme (1991) p.82
![](3D"dsld0303_image057.gif")
<=
/div>
你能指出哪=
些細胞構造？上面有=
1738;些分子在進行何種ࡃ=
1;能？
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{
if( !IsNts() ) return false=20
SlideObj.style.display=3D"none"
nObj =3D document.all.item("NotesObj")
parent.SetHasNts(0)
if( nObj ) {=20
nObj.style.display=3D""
parent.SetHasNts(1)
}
return 1
}
function ChkAutoAdv()
{
if(SldHasTrans())
SlideObj.onfilterchange=3DAutoAdv
else
AutoAdv()
}
function AutoAdv()
{
if(!IsWin("PPTSld") || !gUseSldTimings )return
var sld=3DGetCurSld()
if( (sld.mAdvDelay>0) && !parent.IsFramesMode() )
setTimeout("parent.GoToNextSld()",sld.mAdvDelay)
}
function GetObj(id)
{
if(g_supportsPPTHTML) return document.all(id);
else return document.getElementById(id);
}
function SldHasTrans() { return SlideObj.style.filter !=3D ""; }
function GetSldId()=20
{
var regExp =3D /file:\/\/\//i
var pos =3D location.href.search(regExp)
if (MHTMLPrefix !=3D "" && pos !=3D -1)
sId =3D location.href.substring(pos)
else
{
sId =3D RemoveFilePrefixFromHref(location.href);
var regExp =3D /\//
var fixedHref =3D sId
var pos =3D -1
=09
pos =3D fixedHref.search(regExp)
while (pos !=3D -1)
{
fixedHref =3D fixedHref.replace(regExp, "\\")
pos =3D fixedHref.search(regExp)
}
=09
if (g_fBaseHyperlink =3D=3D true)
sId =3D "file:///" + fixedHref;
else
sId =3D fixedHref.substring(fixedHref.lastIndexOf('\\') + 1)
}
=09
return sId
}
function HideMenu() { if( frames["PPTSld"] && PPTSld.document.all.item("ctx=
tmenu") && PPTSld.ctxtmenu.style.display!=3D"none" ) { PPTSld.ctxtmenu.styl=
e.display=3D'none'; return true } return false }
function IsWin( name ) { return window.name =3D=3D name }
function IsNts() { return IsWin("PPTNts") }
function IsSldOrNts() { return( IsWin("PPTSld")||IsWin("PPTNts") ) }
function SupportsPPTAnimation() { return( navigator.platform =3D=3D "Win32"=
&& navigator.appVersion.indexOf("Windows")>0 ) }
function SupportsPPTHTML()
{
var appVer=3Dnavigator.appVersion, msie=3DappVer.indexOf("MSIE "), ver=3D0
if( msie >=3D 0 )
ver=3DparseFloat( appVer.substring( msie+5, appVer.indexOf(";",msie) ) )
else
ver=3DparseInt(appVer)
return( ver >=3D 4 && msie >=3D 0 )
}
function _RSW()
{
if( !g_supportsPPTHTML || IsNts() ||
( !g_scaleInFrame && (!IsWin("PPTSld") || !parent.IsFullScrMode()) ) )
return
var padding=3D0;
if( IsWin("PPTSld") && parent.IsFramesMode() ) padding=3D6
cltWidth=3Ddocument.body.clientWidth-padding
cltHeight=3Ddocument.body.clientHeight-padding
factor=3D(1.0*cltWidth)/g_origW
if( cltHeight < g_origH*factor )
factor=3D(1.0*cltHeight)/g_origH
newSize =3D g_origSz * factor
if( newSize < 1 ) newSize=3D1
s=3DSlideObj.style
s.fontSize=3DnewSize+"px"
s.posWidth=3Dg_origW*factor
s.posHeight=3Dg_origH*factor
s.posLeft=3D(cltWidth-s.posWidth+padding)/2
s.posTop=3D(cltHeight-s.posHeight+padding)/2
if( g_scaleHyperlinks )
ScaleHyperlinks( factor )
}
function _InitAnimations()
{
animRuntimeInstalled =3D ''+document.body.localTime !=3D 'undefined';
isFullScreen =3D (window.name =3D=3D "PPTSld") && !parent.IsFramesMode();
g_animUseRuntime =3D g_showAnimation && animRuntimeInstalled && !(isFullSc=
reen && parent.IsSldVisited());
if( g_animUseRuntime ) {
collSeq =3D document.all.tags("seq");
if( collSeq !=3D null ) {
for(ii=3D0;ii numSlds )
gSldJumpIdx =3D numSlds;
if ( gSldJumpIdx >=3D 0 ) {
if ( gSldJumpIdx =3D=3D 0 )
gSldJumpIdx =3D 1;
var jumpTo =3D parseInt(gSldJumpIdx);
gSldJump =3D 0; gSldJumpIdx =3D "";
win.GoToSld( parent.GetSldList().mList[jumpTo-1].mSldHref )
}
}
}
function _KDH()
{
if( event.keyCode =3D=3D 8 ) {
event.returnValue =3D 0;
parent.GoToPrevSld();
}
}
function PlaySound( href, loop ){
href=3D unescape(href);
if( window.event ) window.event.cancelBubble =3D true;
pptSound.src =3D href;
pptSound.loop =3D loop ? -1 : 0;
}
function DocumentOnClick()
{
if( IsNts() || parent.HideMenu() ) return;
if( ( g_allowAdvOnClick && (window.name=3D=3D"PPTSld") && !parent.IsFrames=
Mode() ) ||
(event && event.keyCode=3D=3D32) ) {
=09
if( g_animUseRuntime && g_animMainSequence && g_animMainSequence.cangonex=
t )
return;
parent.GoToNextSld();
}
}
var g_supportsPPTHTML =3D SupportsPPTHTML(), g_scaleInFrame =3D 1, gId=3D""=
, g_bgSound=3D"",
g_scaleHyperlinks =3D false, g_allowAdvOnClick =3D 1, g_showInBrowser =
=3D 0, gLoopCont =3D 0, gUseSldTimings =3D 0;
var g_showAnimation =3D g_supportsPPTHTML && SupportsPPTAnimation() && ( (w=
indow.name=3D=3D"PPTSld" && !parent.IsFramesMode()) || g_showInBrowser );va=
r g_animManager =3D null;
var g_animUseRuntime =3D false;
var g_animItemsToHide, g_animInteractiveItems, g_animSlideTime;
var g_animMainSequence =3D null;
var ENDSHOW_MESG=3D"放映结束，单击=
;鼠标退出。", SCREEN_MODE=3D"Frames", gIsEndS=
how=3D0, NUM_VIS_SLDS=3D16, SCRIPT_HREF=3D"script.js", FULLSCR_HREF=3D"full=
screen.htm";
var gCurSld =3D gPrevSld =3D 1, g_offset =3D 0, gNtsOpen =3D gHasNts =3D gO=
tlTxtExp =3D 0, gHasNarration =3D 0, gOtlOpen =3D true
window.gPPTHTML=3DSupportsPPTHTML()
var g_fBaseHyperlink =3D false;
var gMainDoc=3Dnew Array(new hrefList("slide0312.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList(=
"slide0313.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0314.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("=
slide0315.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0352.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("s=
lide0353.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0316.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("sl=
ide0317.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0318.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("sli=
de0354.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0306.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slid=
e0266.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0192.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide=
0319.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0320.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0=
303.htm",1,-1,1));
/*********************************************
Frameset functions
These functions control slide navigation
and state of the frameset.
**********************************************/
function RemoveFilePrefixFromHref(href)
{
var regExp =3D /^file:\/\/\//i;
return href.replace(regExp, "")
}
function FullScrInit()
{
g_allowAdvOnClick =3D GetCurSld().mAdvOnClk
document.body.style.backgroundColor=3D"black"
document.oncontextmenu=3Dparent._CM;
document.onkeydown =3D _KDH;
document.ondragstart=3DCancel
document.onselectstart=3DCancel
self.focus()
}
function Redirect( frmId )
{=09
var str=3Ddocument.location.hash,idx=3Dstr.indexOf('#'), sId=3DGetSldId()
if(idx>=3D0) str=3Dstr.substr(1);
if( window.name !=3D frmId && ( sId !=3D str) ) {
obj =3D GetObj("Main-File")
window.location.href=3Dobj.href+"#"+sId
return 1
}
return 0
}
var MHTMLPrefix =3D CalculateMHTMLPrefix();=20
function CalculateMHTMLPrefix()
{
if ( document.location.protocol =3D=3D 'mhtml:') {=20
href=3Dnew String(document.location.href)=20
Start=3Dhref.indexOf('!')+1=20
End=3Dhref.lastIndexOf('/')+1=20
if (End < Start)=20
return href.substring(0, Start)=20
else=20
return href.substring(0, End)=20
}
return '';
}
function GetTags(base,tag)
{
if(g_supportsPPTHTML) return base.all.tags(tag);
else return base.getElementsByTagName(tag);
}
function UpdNtsPane(){ if(frames["PPTNts"]) PPTNts.location.replace( MHTMLP=
refix+GetHrefObj( gCurSld ).mNtsHref ) }
function UpdNavPane( sldIndex ){ if(gNavLoaded) PPTNav.UpdNav() }
function UpdOtNavPane(){ if(gOtlNavLoaded) PPTOtlNav.UpdOtlNav() }
function UpdOtlPane(){ if(gOtlLoaded) PPTOtl.UpdOtl() }
function SetHasNts( fVal )
{
if( gHasNts !=3D fVal ) {
gHasNts=3DfVal
UpdNavPane()
}
}
function ToggleOtlText()
{
gOtlTxtExp=3D!gOtlTxtExp
UpdOtlPane()
}
function ClearMedia()
{
// Clear any sounds playing before launching another browser window. Other=
wise,
// in fullscreen mode, you'll continue to hear the sound in the frames mod=
e.
if (PPTSld.pptSound) PPTSld.pptSound.loop =3D 0;
}
function FullScreen()
{=20
if ( PPTSld.g_animUseRuntime )
PPTSld.document.body.pause();
ClearMedia();
var href =3D ( document.location.protocol =3D=3D 'mhtml:') ? FULLSCR_HREF =
: FULLSCR_HREF+"#"+GetHrefObj(gCurSld).mSldHref;
if (MHTMLPrefix !=3D "")
href =3D RemoveFilePrefixFromHref(href)
if(PPTNav.event.ctrlKey) {
var w =3D (window.screen.availWidth * 1.0) / 2.0
var h =3D w * (PPTSld.g_origH * 1.0) / PPTSld.g_origW
win =3D window.open( MHTMLPrefix+href,null,"toolbar=3D0,resizable=3D1,top=
=3D0,left=3D0," + "width=3D"+ w + ",height=3D" + h );
if( win.document.body && PPTSld.g_animUseRuntime )
win.document.body.PPTSldFrameset=3Dwindow;
}
else
{
win =3D window.open( MHTMLPrefix+href,null,"fullscreen=3Dyes" );
if( win.document.body && PPTSld.g_animUseRuntime )
win.document.body.PPTSldFrameset=3Dwindow;
}
}
function ToggleVNarration()
{
rObj=3DPPTSld.document.all("NSPlay")
if( rObj && !PPTSld.g_animUseRuntime ) {
if( (rObj.playState =3D=3D 1)||(rObj.playState =3D=3D 0) )
rObj.Play()
else if( rObj.playState =3D=3D 2 )
rObj.Pause()
else
return;
}
else if( PPTSld.g_animUseRuntime )
{
narObj =3D PPTSld.document.all("narrationID")
if( narObj )
narObj.togglePause()
}
}
function GetCurSldNum()
{ =20
obj=3DGetHrefObj(gCurSld)
if( obj.mOrigVis =3D=3D 1 )
return obj.mSldIdx
else =20
return gCurSld
}
function GetNumSlds()
{ =20
if( GetHrefObj(gCurSld).mOrigVis =3D=3D 1 )
return GetSldList().mNumVisSlds;
else
return GetSldList().mList.length
}
function GetSldNum( href )
{
for(ii=3D0; ii 1 )
PopSldList();
else if( !IsFramesMode() ) {
if( gLoopCont )
GoToFirst()
else
EndShow()
}
}
function GoToPrevSld()
{
ii=3DgCurSld-1
if( ii > 0 ) {
obj=3DGetHrefObj(ii)
while ( obj && ( obj.mVis =3D=3D 0 ) && ( ii>0 ) )
obj=3DGetHrefObj(--ii)
if( ii =3D=3D 0 ) ii=3D1
GoToSldNum(ii)
}
}
function GoToFirst(){ GoToSld( GetHrefObj(1).mSldHref ) }
function GoToLast()
{
ii=3DGetSldList().mList.length
if( ii !=3D gCurSld )
GoToSld( GetHrefObj(ii).mSldHref )
}
function GoToSldNum( num )
{
if( PPTSld.event ) PPTSld.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue
obj =3D GetHrefObj( num )
obj.mVis=3D1
gPrevSld=3DgCurSld
gCurSld =3D num;
=09
if (MHTMLPrefix !=3D "")
PPTSld.location.replace(MHTMLPrefix+RemoveFilePrefixFromHref(obj.mSldHref=
))
else
PPTSld.location.replace(obj.mSldHref)
=09
if( IsFramesMode() ) {
UpdNavPane(); UpdOtlPane(); UpdNtsPane()
}
}
function GoToSld( href )
{
if( PPTSld.event ) PPTSld.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue
GetHrefObj( GetSldNum(href) ).mVis=3D1
if (MHTMLPrefix !=3D "")
PPTSld.location.replace(MHTMLPrefix+RemoveFilePrefixFromHref(href))
else
PPTSld.location.replace(href)
}
function SldUpdated( id )
{
if( id =3D=3D GetHrefObj(gCurSld).mSldHref ) return
gPrevSld=3DgCurSld
gCurSld=3DGetSldNum(id)
if( IsFramesMode() ) {
UpdNavPane(); UpdOtlPane(); UpdNtsPane()
}
}
function PrevSldViewed(){ GoToSld( GetHrefObj(gPrevSld).mSldHref ) }
function HasPrevSld() { return ( gIsEndShow || ( gCurSld !=3D 1 && GetHrefO=
bj( gCurSld-1 ).mVis =3D=3D 1 )||( GetCurSldNum() > 1 ) ) }
function HasNextSld() { return (GetCurSldNum() !=3D GetNumSlds()) }
function CloseWindow() {
if( HideMenu() ) return;
=09
var event =3D PPTSld.event;
if( !IsFramesMode() && event && (event.keyCode=3D=3D27 || event.keyCode=3D=
=3D32 || event.type=3D=3D"click" ) )
window.close( self );
CatchNumKeys( self, event );
}
function Unload() { gIsEndShow=3D0; }
function SetupEndShow() {
gIsEndShow=3D1;
PPTSld.document.body.scroll=3D"no";
PPTSld.document.onkeypress=3DCloseWindow;
PPTSld.document.onclick=3DCloseWindow;
PPTSld.document.oncontextmenu=3D_CM;
}
function EndShow()
{
if( IsFramesMode() ) return
if( PPTSld.event ) PPTSld.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue
doc=3DPPTSld.document
var dir =3D doc.body.dir
if( dir !=3D "rtl" ) dir =3D "ltr";
doc.open()
doc.writeln(' 0) {
PushSldList(sldList,fEnd);
gCurSld =3D 1;
}
else
if( PPTSld.event ) PPTSld.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue
}
function PushSldList(arr,fEnd) {
var ii =3D gSldStack.length;
gSldStack[ii] =3D new SldList(arr,gCurSld,fEnd);
GoToSld( gSldStack[ii].mList[0].mSldHref );
}
function PopSldList() {
if (gSldStack[gSldStack.length-1].fEndShow)
EndShow()
else {
gCurSld =3D gSldStack[gSldStack.length-1].mCurSld;
gSldStack[gSldStack.length-1] =3D null;
gSldStack.length--;
var sldList =3D gSldStack[gSldStack.length-1];
GoToSld( sldList.mList[gCurSld - 1].mSldHref );
}
}
var custShowList=3Dnew Array();
/*********************************************
Navigation button implementation
There are 2 types of buttons: ImgBtn, TxtBtn
implemented as function objects. They share
a similiar interface so the event handlers
can call SetActive, for example, on a button=20
object without needing to know exactly=20
what type of button it is.
**********************************************/
//----------------------------------
function ImgBtn( oId,bId,w,action )
//----------------------------------
{
var t=3Dthis
t.Perform =3D _IBP
t.SetActive =3D _IBSetA
t.SetInactive=3D _IBSetI
t.SetPressed =3D _IBSetP
t.SetDisabled=3D _IBSetD
t.Enabled =3D _IBSetE
t.ChangeIcon =3D null
t.UserAction =3D action
t.ChgState =3D _IBUI
t.mObjId =3D oId
t.mBorderId=3D bId
t.mWidth =3D w
t.mIsOn =3D t.mCurState =3D 0
}
function _IBSetA()
{
if( this.mIsOn ) {
obj=3Dthis.ChgState( gHiliteClr,gShadowClr,2 )
obj.style.posTop=3D0
}
}
function _IBSetI()
{
if( this.mIsOn ) {
obj=3Dthis.ChgState( gFaceClr,gFaceClr,1 )
obj.style.posTop=3D0=20
}
}
function _IBSetP()
{
if( this.mIsOn ) {
obj=3Dthis.ChgState( gShadowClr,gHiliteClr,2 )
obj.style.posLeft+=3D1; obj.style.posTop+=3D1
}
}
function _IBSetD()
{ =20
obj=3Dthis.ChgState( gFaceClr,gFaceClr,0 )
obj.style.posTop=3D0=20
}
function _IBSetE( state )
{
var t=3Dthis
GetObj( t.mBorderId ).style.visibility=3D"visible"
if( state !=3D t.mIsOn ) {
t.mIsOn=3Dstate
if( state )
t.SetInactive()
else
t.SetDisabled()
}
}
function _IBP()
{
var t=3Dthis
if( t.mIsOn ) {
if( t.UserAction !=3D null )
t.UserAction()
if( t.ChangeIcon ) {
obj=3DGetObj(t.mObjId)
if( t.ChangeIcon() )
obj.style.posLeft=3Dobj.style.posLeft+(t.mCurState-4)*t.mWidth
else
obj.style.posLeft=3Dobj.style.posLeft+(t.mCurState-0)*t.mWidth
}
t.SetActive()
} =20
}
function _IBUI( clr1,clr2,nextState )
{
var t=3Dthis
SetBorder( GetObj( t.mBorderId ),clr1,clr2 )
obj=3DGetObj( t.mObjId )
obj.style.posLeft=3Dobj.style.posLeft+(t.mCurState-nextState)*t.mWidth-obj=
.style.posTop
t.mCurState=3DnextState
return obj
}
//-----------------------------------------
function TxtBtn( oId,oeId,action,chkState )
//-----------------------------------------
{
var t=3Dthis
t.Perform =3D _TBP
t.SetActive =3D _TBSetA
t.SetInactive=3D _TBSetI
t.SetPressed =3D _TBSetP
t.SetDisabled=3D _TBSetD
t.SetEnabled =3D _TBSetE
t.GetState =3D chkState
t.UserAction =3D action
t.ChgState =3D _TBUI
t.mObjId =3D oId
t.m_elementsId=3D oeId
t.mIsOn =3D 1
}
function _TBSetA()
{
var t=3Dthis
if( t.mIsOn && !t.GetState() )
t.ChgState( gHiliteClr,gShadowClr,0,0 )
}
function _TBSetI()
{
var t=3Dthis
if( t.mIsOn && !t.GetState() )
t.ChgState( gFaceClr,gFaceClr,0,0 )
}
function _TBSetP()
{
if( this.mIsOn )
this.ChgState( gShadowClr,gHiliteClr,1,1 )
}
function _TBSetD()
{ =20
this.ChgState( gFaceClr,gFaceClr,0,0 )
this.mIsOn =3D 0
}
function _TBSetE()
{
var t=3Dthis
if( !t.GetState() )
t.ChgState( gFaceClr,gFaceClr,0,0 )
else
t.ChgState( gShadowClr,gHiliteClr,1,1 )
t.mIsOn =3D 1
}
function _TBP()
{
var t=3Dthis
if( t.mIsOn ) {=20
if( t.UserAction !=3D null )
t.UserAction()
if( !t.GetState )
return
if( t.GetState() )
t.SetPressed()
else
t.SetActive()
} =20
}
function _TBUI( clr1,clr2,lOffset,tOffset )
{
SetBorder( GetObj( this.mObjId ),clr1,clr2 )
Offset( GetObj( this.m_elementsId ),lOffset,tOffset )
}
function Offset( obj, top, left ){ obj.style.top=3Dtop; obj.style.left=3Dle=
ft }
function SetBorder( obj, upperLeft, lowerRight )
{
s=3Dobj.style;
s.borderStyle =3D "solid"
s.borderWidth =3D 1=20
s.borderLeftColor =3D s.borderTopColor =3D upperLeft
s.borderBottomColor=3D s.borderRightColor =3D lowerRight
}
function GetBtnObj(){ return gBtnArr[window.event.srcElement.id] }
function BtnOnOver(){ b=3DGetBtnObj(); if( b !=3D null ) b.SetActive() }
function BtnOnDown(){ b=3DGetBtnObj(); if( b !=3D null ) b.SetPressed() }
function BtnOnOut(){ b=3DGetBtnObj(); if( b !=3D null ) b.SetInactive() }
function BtnOnUp()
{
b=3DGetBtnObj()
if( b !=3D null )
b.Perform()
else
Upd()
}
function GetNtsState(){ return parent.gNtsOpen }
function GetOtlState(){ return parent.gOtlOpen }
function GetOtlTxtState(){ return parent.gOtlTxtExp }
function NtsBtnSetFlag( fVal )
{
s=3Ddocument.all.item( this.m_flagId ).style
s.display=3D"none"
if( fVal )
s.display=3D""
else
s.display=3D"none"
}
function _BSetA_Border(){ b =3D gBtnArr[this.mObjId]; if( b !=3D null ) b.S=
etActive() }
function _BSetI_Border(){ b =3D gBtnArr[this.mObjId]; if( b !=3D null ) b.S=
etInactive() }
function _BSetP_Border(){ b =3D gBtnArr[this.mObjId]; if( b !=3D null ) b.S=
etPressed() }
function _BSetA_BorderImg()
{=20
b =3D gBtnArr[this.mBorderId]=20
if( b !=3D null && this.mIsOn && !b.GetState() ) {
obj=3Dthis.ChgState( gHiliteClr,gShadowClr,2 )
obj.style.posTop=3D0
}
}
function _BSetI_BorderImg()
{=20
b =3D gBtnArr[this.mBorderId]
if( b !=3D null && this.mIsOn && !b.GetState() ) {
obj=3Dthis.ChgState( gFaceClr,gFaceClr,1 )
obj.style.posTop=3D0
}
}
var gHiliteClr=3D"THREEDHIGHLIGHT",gShadowClr=3D"THREEDSHADOW",gFaceClr=3D"=
THREEDFACE"
var gBtnArr =3D new Array()
gBtnArr["nb_otl"] =3D new TxtBtn( "nb_otl","nb_otlElem",parent.ToggleOtlPan=
e,GetOtlState )
gBtnArr["nb_otlElem"] =3D new TxtBtn( "nb_otl","nb_otlElem",parent.ToggleOt=
lPane,GetOtlState )
gBtnArr["nb_nts"] =3D new ImgBtn( "nb_nts","nb_ntsBorder",10,parent.ToggleN=
tsPane )
gBtnArr["nb_nts"].SetActive =3D _BSetA_BorderImg;
gBtnArr["nb_nts"].SetInactive =3D _BSetI_BorderImg;
gBtnArr["nb_ntsBorder"] =3D new TxtBtn( "nb_ntsBorder","nb_ntsElem",parent.=
ToggleNtsPane,GetNtsState )
gBtnArr["nb_ntsElem"] =3D new TxtBtn( "nb_ntsBorder","nb_ntsElem",parent.To=
ggleNtsPane,GetNtsState )
gBtnArr["nb_prevBorder"] =3D gBtnArr["nb_prev"]=3D new ImgBtn( "nb_prev","n=
b_prevBorder",30,parent.GoToPrevSld )
gBtnArr["nb_nextBorder"] =3D gBtnArr["nb_next"]=3D new ImgBtn( "nb_next","n=
b_nextBorder",30,parent.GoToNextSld )
gBtnArr["nb_sldshw"]=3D new ImgBtn( "nb_sldshw","nb_sldshwBorder",18,parent=
.FullScreen )
gBtnArr["nb_sldshwBorder"] =3D new TxtBtn( "nb_sldshw","nb_sldshwBorder",pa=
rent.FullScreen,null )
gBtnArr["nb_sldshwBorder"].SetActive =3D _BSetA_Border;
gBtnArr["nb_sldshwBorder"].SetInactive =3D _BSetI_Border;
gBtnArr["nb_sldshwText"] =3D new TxtBtn( "nb_sldshw","nb_sldshwText",parent=
.FullScreen,null )
gBtnArr["nb_sldshwText"].SetActive =3D _BSetA_Border;
gBtnArr["nb_sldshwText"].SetInactive =3D _BSetI_Border;
gBtnArr["nb_voice"] =3D gBtnArr["nb_voiceBorder"] =3D new ImgBtn( "nb_voice=
","nb_voiceBorder",18,parent.ToggleVNarration )
gBtnArr["nb_otlTxtBorder"] =3D gBtnArr["nb_otlTxt"]=3D new ImgBtn( "nb_otlT=
xt","nb_otlTxtBorder",23,parent.ToggleOtlText )
gBtnArr["nb_ntsBorder"].m_flagId=3D "nb_nts"
gBtnArr["nb_ntsBorder"].SetFlag =3D NtsBtnSetFlag
gBtnArr["nb_otlTxt"].ChangeIcon=3D GetOtlTxtState
/*********************************************
Context menu implementation
_CM() is the function that's hooked up to
the oncontextmenu event. Once we're asked to
show the menu, we first build it by creating
DIVs on-the-fly. Then we position it=20
within the screen area so it doesn't get
clipped.
Creating the DIVs using createElement() means
we don't have to write out any extra HTML
into the slide HTML files.
**********************************************/
var sNext=3D"下一步",sPrev=3D"上一步",s=
End=3D"结束放映",sFont=3D"宋体",sArrow=
=3D"箭头",sFreeform=3D"任意形状",sRect=
=3D"矩形",sOval=3D"椭圆"
function ShowMenu()
{
BuildMenu();
var doc=3DPPTSld.document.body,x=3DPPTSld.event.clientX+doc.scrollLeft,y=
=3DPPTSld.event.clientY+doc.scrollTop
m =3D PPTSld.document.all.item("ctxtmenu")
m.style.pixelLeft=3Dx
if( (x+m.scrollWidth > doc.clientWidth)&&(x-m.scrollWidth > 0) )
m.style.pixelLeft=3Dx-m.scrollWidth
m.style.pixelTop=3Dy
if( (y+m.scrollHeight > doc.clientHeight)&&(y-m.scrollHeight > 0) )
m.style.pixelTop=3Dy-m.scrollHeight
m.style.display=3D""
}
function _CM()
{
if( !parent.IsFullScrMode() ) return;
if(!PPTSld.event.ctrlKey) {
ShowMenu()
return false
} else
HideMenu()
}
function BuildMenu()
{
if( PPTSld.document.all.item("ctxtmenu") ) return
var mObj=3DCreateItem( PPTSld.document.body )
mObj.id=3D"ctxtmenu"
mObj.style.visibility=3D"hidden"
var s=3DmObj.style
s.position=3D"absolute"
s.cursor=3D"default"
s.width=3D"120px"
SetCMBorder(mObj,"menu","black")
var iObj=3DCreateItem( mObj )
SetCMBorder( iObj, "threedhighlight","threedshadow" )
iObj.style.padding=3D2
CreateMenuItem( iObj,sNext,M_GoNextSld,M_True )
CreateMenuItem( iObj,sPrev,M_GoPrevSld,M_HasPrevSld )
=09
CreateSeparator( iObj )
CreateMenuItem( iObj,sEnd,M_End,M_True )
mObj.style.visibility=3D"visible"
}
function Cancel() { window.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue; window.event.returnVa=
lue=3Dfalse }
function Highlight() { ChangeClr("activecaption","threedhighlight") }
function Deselect() { ChangeClr("threedface","menutext") }
function Perform()
{
e=3DPPTSld.event.srcElement
if( e.type=3D=3D"menuitem" && e.IsActive() )
e.Action()
else
PPTSld.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue
}
function ChangeClr( bg,clr )
{
e=3DPPTSld.event.srcElement
if( e.type=3D=3D"menuitem" && e.IsActive() ) {
e.style.backgroundColor=3Dbg
e.style.color=3Dclr
}
}
function M_HasPrevSld() { return( parent.HasPrevSld() ) }
function M_GoNextSld() { if( gIsEndShow ) M_End(); else GoToNextSld() }
function M_GoPrevSld() { if( gIsEndShow ) { gIsEndShow=3D0; history.back();=
PPTSld.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue; } else GoToPrevSld() }
function M_True() { return true }
function M_End() { window.close( self ) }
function CreateMenuItem( node,text,action,eval )
{
var e=3DCreateItem( node )
e.type=3D"menuitem"
e.Action=3Daction
e.IsActive=3Deval
e.innerHTML=3Dtext
if( !e.IsActive() )
e.style.color=3D"threedshadow"
e.onclick=3DPerform
e.onmouseover=3DHighlight
e.onmouseout=3DDeselect
s=3De.style;
s.fontFamily=3DsFont
s.fontSize=3D"9pt"
s.paddingLeft=3D2
}
function CreateSeparator( node )
{
var sObj=3DCreateItem( node )
SetCMBorder(sObj,"menu","menu")
var s=3DsObj.style
s.borderTopColor=3D"threedshadow"
s.borderBottomColor=3D"threedhighlight"
s.height=3D1
s.fontSize=3D"0px"
}
function CreateItem( node )
{
var elem=3DPPTSld.document.createElement("DIV")
node.insertBefore( elem )
return elem
}
function SetCMBorder( o,ltClr,rbClr )
{
var s=3Do.style
s.backgroundColor=3D"menu"
s.borderStyle=3D"solid"
s.borderWidth=3D1
s.borderColor=3DltClr+" "+rbClr+" "+rbClr+" "+ltClr
}
------=_NextPart_01C964E8.4B69B960
Content-Location: file:///C:/9F2568D1/enzymology1.files/fullscreen.htm
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii"
BC basic - from big bang - 雷竞技电竞
<=
/div>
E1-‹#›<=
span
lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-family:MingLiU;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-f=
areast-font-family:
MingLiU;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;font-size:150%;color:#FC0128;mso-color-=
index:
6;mso-fareast-language:ZH-TW;mso-special-format:lastCR'>
<=
nobr>
<=
nobr>
酵素
在細胞內幾乎無所不&#=
22312;，也負擔了極重要į=
40;生理角色。上圖雖然=
看不到酵素分子，但=
1487;以想像每一種細胞ઔ=
3;造上面，都有酵素在&=
#24037;作著。上圖也顯出=
968;點細胞的特徵，就是=
;細胞內是相當擁擠的&#=
12290;
細胞內<=
/span>
的所有代謝=
路徑，每一步驟都有=
7237;素參與催化反應。ߍ=
8;左圖把部份的代謝路&=
#24465;列出，並且把最中=
515;、最重要的基本代謝=
;路徑『醣解作用』標&#=
20986;來。這有點像市街Þ=
94;，錯縱複雜，住久了=
又覺得四通八達；而=
7599;一個小城市，都有ߌ=
8;條主要的大街，上述&=
#30340;糖解作用就是細胞=
195;謝的主要大街。有人=
;把細胞代謝圖以立體&#=
26041;式來表示
(右圖)，也=
相當有趣。
酵素除了在=
代謝地圖上的角色，=
0063;組成另一類細胞內=
0;網狀路徑，就是 信息=
傳導 流程=
。信息傳導鏈上面的=
1508;個節點，許多都是ࠥ=
5;有酵素功能的蛋白質&=
#65292;其中一大部份就是"=
507;白質基脢及磷酸脢。=
;
从酵母中分离&=
#20986;具有发酵作用的物$=
136;
目前生物工程&=
#30740;究所蛋白质分离纯=
270;具备的条件
第一次测定出&=
#19968;级结构的蛋白质为!=
008;岛素
中古歐&=
#27954; =
認為人類的=
生理與情緒由四種體=
8082;控制︰黏液造成虛=
9;、血液造成熱情、黃&=
#33213;汁使人暴躁、黑膽=
713;使人憂鬱。後來大家=
;當然明白並非如此。&#=
20294;是，所有這些外表û=
52;呈現出來的反應，發=
現都與酵素有關。
生活中也處=
處與酵素有密切關係=
5292;連貓狗的殺蚤劑都ࡪ=
7;有酵素抑制劑，因此&=
#26377;些貓因為舔了殺蚤=
137;，抑制了神經傳導中=
;具有重要角色的一個&#=
38364;鍵酵素
(acetylcholinesterase)，使=
得性情變得暴躁乖謔=
5292;這是酵素影響情緒ੌ=
8;明顯的例子。
最近分子遺=
傳學極進步，漸漸發=
9694;許多生物或人類的୲=
5;質，事實上最後都與&=
#37237;素有關。例如，動 =
289;的記憶力或健忘，與=
;其神經細胞內的某激&#=
33058;或磷酸脢有關；這É=
23;影響，最後可能表現=
成為一個人的智力高=
0302;。
=
=
小鼠記=
5014;力測驗
=
=
1
=
=
2
=
=
3
<=
span
style=3D'font-family:"\83EF\5EB7\4E2D\9ED1\9AD4\(P\)";mso-fareast-font-fam=
ily:
"\83EF\5EB7\4E2D\9ED1\9AD4\(P\)";font-size:117%'>埃及人<=
/span> <=
/span>很早就知道=
利用醱酵來製造酒類=
2290;造酒的原理是利用హ=
6;類或水果中的糖分，&=
#22521;養酵母菌使之生長%=
297;酵，所產生的代謝物=
;中，有一部份是酒精&#=
65292;另有一小部份芳香Ĥ=
89;質，造成了吸引人的=
酒類風味。
古人 不知=
酵母菌的作用，因此=
5258;得造酒過程中有種ణ=
0;奇的轉換力量，可以&=
#25226;穀類或水果變成好=
917;的酒。現在我們知道=
;，酵母菌是以糖類為&#=
36215;始基質，經由糖解Ë=
16;用
(glycolysis) 產生=
乙醇。而此糖解過程=
0013;，都是各種酵素在=
4;行催化反應，一步一&=
#27493;把糖類催化轉換成=
057;醇。這糖解作用是代=
;謝的第一條主要大道&#=
65292;將會在後面的課程È=
13;詳細介紹。
時空轉換到=
二十世紀初，還不清=
6970;這種自然轉換力量=
9;什麼；當有機化學開&=
#22987;發展後，才漸得知=
159;酵母菌中的某類物質=
;，在進行著糖類的轉&#=
25563;反應；後來分析得Ò=
40;是一種蛋白質。
从酵母中分离&=
#20986;具有发酵作用的物$=
136;
目前生物工程&=
#30740;究所蛋白质分离纯=
270;具备的条件
第一次测定出&=
#19968;级结构的蛋白质为!=
008;岛素
193=
0 年代
Sumner 首度將一種=
酵素
urease 結晶出來，=
是生物化學上的一個=
7325;大里程碑；因為具੍=
7;神奇催化能力的酵素&=
#65292;居然也可以像一般=
377;機化合物一樣，在試=
;管燒杯中結晶出來。&#=
24478;此開啟了數十年的Ŕ=
28;勃酵素化學研究，發=
現細胞內大部分的代=
5613;途徑，而每一步代෩=
3;反應，都有一個對應&=
#30340;專用酵素來負責催=
270;。
在 Sumner 的時代，對=
酵素的認知相當模糊=
5292;當時的大師
Willstätter 認為=
酵素是一種小分子，=
1253;埋在一種膠狀物體ධ=
1;面，而且其活性是無&=
#27861;用化學方法來界定 =
340;。
但是 Sumner 有不同看法=
，直接從具有高
urease 活性的植物=
中，抽取出具活性成=
0221;，並以丙酮溶液誘ऴ=
6;出結晶。當然這種做&=
#27861;也可能得到其它物$=
074;的結晶，但很幸運地=
;
urease 是主要的結=
晶成份，此結晶並具=
6377;高度
urease 活性。 分離出結晶=
後，檢定裡面的成份=
5292;發現都是胺基酸，ࢰ=
0;此確定
urease 是一種蛋白=
質。結果剛發表時，=
4341;來極大的批評，好ࠔ=
7;這是一些重大發現的&=
#20849;同命運。
Urease 催化的反應=
是：
NH2-CO-NH2 + H2O → 2NH3 + CO2
因此=
植物可以把尿素分解=
5292;以便取得氮源。
' + ENDSHOW_MESG + '
![](3D"notes_flag.gif")
&#=
22791;注![](3D"buttons.gif")
![](3D"slide0315_image006.png"){kind=link}
![](3D"slide0352_image009.png"){kind=link}
![](3D"slide0352_image010.jpg"){kind=link}
![](3D"slide0353_image014.png"){kind=link}
![](3D"slide0353_image016.png"){kind=link}
![](3D"slide0316_image018.png"){kind=link}
![](3D"slide0306_image021.png"){kind=link}
![](3D"slide0306_image023.png"){kind=link}
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