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USMOUnitsSRvUSMOgY gPa0atm0kgf/cm2(at)0mmHg0mH2O0barI{ [NKNvbc{sQ|:N 1atm=101325Pa=1.01325bar =1.0332kgf/cm2(at)=10.332mH2O=760mmHg 1kgf/cm2(at)=10mH2O=735.56mmHg =9.807104Pa=0.9807bar=0.9678atm 4. WQDatum 1 ~[SRThS~[SRNSR~[wzz :NWQ hSRNS_0W'YlS:NWQ Km[SR S_0W'YlShS:N SR0~[wzz~[SR:N @bN hS=~[SR-'YlS 2 wzz^wzz^_NNS_0W'YlS:NWQ FOwzz^NhSv{eTvS sSNON'YlSvpeO]Q""BA      r J[ N_(WR`)n N[yR _ b _-N 4^(uApplications (1) SRKmϑ a. c:ym (a) Bl NNn0 NS^0[^'YNKmAmSOv[^0 (b) 8^(uc:ym^l04l0V/lSx0mSOw!0 b. Ub_{S]Manometers YV@b 1uYRf[W,ge z _ N @bN S_KmAmSO:NlSOe 1uNr0 0r R N_S{S:N c. PUb_{S]f[ d. e{S]f[ . E. _]S]f[ 2 mMOKmϑf[ 3 nx[m\ؚ^f[  c*M()""""X "".(                9           * 4 ,{ N AmSORRf[FLUID DYNAMICS ( &    N. AmϑFlow Rate 1SOyAmϑVolumetric flow rateUSMOeQAmSOAm~{SNN*bbvSOy :NV USMO:Nm3/s0 2. (ϑAmϑMass flow rateUSMOeQAmSOAm~{SNN*bbv(ϑ :NW USMO:Nkg/s0 >f6q N. AmVelocity 1s^GWAmAverage velocityUSMOeQAmSOAm~{SUSMO*bbyvSOy sS @bN 2(ϑAmMass velocityUSMOeQAmSOAm~{SUSMO*bbyv(ϑ sS >f6q l;N,) F                       #    3. {_v{Calculation of tube diameter 1u _ N0AmRr`Flow State 1. (WAmRvAmSO-N MOn N T irtϑ N Te N T irtϑ_N N T @bNirtϑ/fzzPWhTevQpe sS 23z[[` AmRSteady flowAmRAmSO-NNUONpvhQirtϑ Ne S0 3. N3z[ N[` AmRUnsteady flowAmRAmSO-NNUONpvRbhQirtϑe S0 V0ޏ~'`e zContinuity Equation AmSO(WYV@b:yv{S-N\Oޏ~3z[vAmR AmSON*bb1-1 Amۏ0N*bb2-2 AmQ (W$N*bbKNv{QXb NeAmSOۏQ0 N$N*bbSvQKNv{QXb@bSVvzz:SW:Na{V ۏLirea{ R @bN b [ NSS)AmSO _ b [Wb_{S _ @bN lx.8^B       A   &  #     N. gR)Re z(Bernoulli Equation) 1AmSOЏRvcDescription of fluid movement (1) ~AmSO(pЏRvh0 2 w_MOnwϑ NPWhSp0RpM(x, y, z)vwϑ sS 3 MOyAmSO(pNApЏR0RBpvwϑ >f6q 4 Am^ AmSO(p(WUSMOeQvMOy sS 1u _ @bN @bN S @bN (5) Am~ TNe;RAmSO-N N TMOnAmSO(pvAmReT~ sSAm~ NTAmSO(pvAm(W勹pNAm~vR0b;HmI""0     $ '       s  ,ca. AmSO NzǏAm~ AmR0 b. 3z`AmR-N~NAm~͑T0 (6) Am~e z 1u w N TT @bN 2. \O(u(WAmSO NvYRExterior force acting on fluid lTRNormal force hbRSurface force RTRjRRR Tangent force (shear force) YRExterior force (ϑRMass force ͑RGravity `'`RInertial force (1) hbR\O(u(W@bQvAmSOvhb NvR0[/f1uNAmSOvc扄vvQ[AmSObVSOv\O(uNuv0 (2) lTRNAmSOhbvWvNcT@bQvAmSOY萄vhbR0 (3) lT^RUSMOby N@bS0RvlTR s Pa0 (4) RTRjRRR NAmSOhbvRvhbR0 (5) RT^RjRR^R USMOby N@bS0RvRTR t Pa0 (6) (ϑR\O(u(W@bQvAmSOvteSO NvR0[/f1uR:Wv\O(uNuv [v'Y\NAmSOv(ϑbckk0 (7) USMO(ϑRUSMO(ϑvAmSO@bS0Rv(ϑR0(Wx0y0zeT NvRϑR+R:NX0Y0Z m/s20 (8) ͑R1u͑R:Wv\O(uNuv(ϑR0 9 `'`R1u^`'`|_wv(ϑR0(W^`'`|-N [r,{N[_/f N(uv0FOS_b`'`RNv^Qe ^`'`|-NNSO(u[r,{N[_0 |Z'Z Z`ZZ_Z9ZJZ=""1" """"2". "\     Z   K  2      4    T   q   6   K     \  *3. Navier-Stokese zNavier-Stokes Equation (W[EAmSO-NNSN_CQAmSO0YV@b R(WxeT N\O(uN勮_CQAmSO NvYR g (ϑRXrdxdydz lTR RTR \[r,{N[_R+R^(uNx0y0zeT _ 66`e0                  \RT^R0lT^RN^h^vsQ| vQ-N   s^GWlT^R AmSOYbke 1u N_S_S_ 1ulT^RTYSRv[INSw AmSOYbkevlT^RNYSR'Y\vI{ eTvS0@bN   NeQ N_ sS_Navier-Stokese z 4Am~gR)Re zStreamline Bernoulli Equation {QNavier-Stokese z _ NeQAm~e zv^tet _ N_vRv^tet _ *(>         *  [͑R:W-Nv3z[AmRbgNe;R g [ NSS)AmSOlAm~ۏL[yR _ {Sv^tet _ 5{SgR)Re zPipe Bernoulli Equation NSS)AmSO(WYV@b:yv{S-N\Oޏ~3z[vAmR0(W{SvI{_v{YNS$N*N*bb (W$N*bbKNNSN_CQAm_g0勮_CQAm_gN$N*bbvNvbyR+R:NdA1TdA2 a0bR+R:NdA1TdA2QvNp N$Np(W TNAm~ N0R\Am~gR)Re zNޏ~'`e zvXNv^l{*bbۏL[yR _ 3#     0>  J          0   (WI{_v{Y@b v*bbKNN NN4ls^{ Nv*bb:NO g \ N_NeQNavier-Stokese z S_ \ N_e z~-NvT$N_e zR+RXNNdy0dzTvR _ (W͑R:W-N g S_x SgN["" &" ""   "1z             (                   m+ kQ0^Wb_v{;RFriction of Noncircular Straight Channels 1. S_ϑv_4 PvAm*bbyNmnhTKNk sS 2. Qy{vS_ϑv_ 1 Wb_{ 2 WY{s 3. B\AmlvOck _-N C  8^pe eϑ~ vQf6q 1u _ N,Ջ]  / 2.R/e{ >f6q @bN Ջ] Nel(u]ЏLv|~ ۏL{e RN;Rg'Yv/e{egnx[@bYv gHeRs ;R\v/e{R(uegXR;R0 jjj 0,{N AmϑKmϑ     jN. Km{ (W102$NpRAm~gR)Re z _ @bN 666 1 tN. T[gAmϑ (W102$N*bbRgR)Re z v^_euϑ_c1Y _ @bN ;;; 2  Qϑ_c1Y (uA0NfA2 v^bKmSSň(WT[g$NO R N   Amϑ|pe R vQ-N V1-33(P71)0 [lSO vQ-N   |pe gsQKbQ0 N. eN̑AmϑV1-34 P73 StNT[gAmϑ{|Pev{;RYUO{ 13np   (1   & ` 33PP` 3333` ___MMM` 13` 333fpKNāvI` j@v۩ῑ΂H` Q_{>?" dd@,?n<d@ `7 `2@`7``2 n?" dd@   @@``PR    @ ` ` p>> ` X   (    <" BA    Td" BA    <d2"U_ BA    T 5d">& BA    N47"P BA    <X"p BA    C xh?d?"bUv BA    6 x D <A  ??p   x D <A !??   !x  D <A "??   "H D 0޽h ? ̙33j   H(  Hr H S    x H <A #??`V #x H <A $?? h $x H <A %??P %x H <A &??@0 &x H <A '??2 'x  H <A! (??Fh (x  H <A" )??P  )x  H <A# *??p  *x  H <A$ +??   +x  H <A% ,??P  ^ ,H H 0޽h ? ̙33  \T01L(  Lr L S  `  ` [$ L# #" `(2 L ;!(2 L L}NB L S DNB L S D"HB  L C D"HB  L C D""NB  L S D"NB  L S Dp  L S A& -? "QP -p L S A' .? ""$^ .p L S A( /? ""$ /p L S A) 0? 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S]Ǐ zSf[]NǏ z 1ur^irtǏ zTr^Sf[Ǐ z~bv]NǏ z0b\Se9eSbRyb g(uNTv]NǏ z0 Processes of Chemical Industries, in which raw materials are changed or separated into useful products, are industrial processes which are composed of a number of physical processes and chemical processes. 2USCQd\OS]Ǐ z-N N+TSf[S^bSf[S^!kvirtǏ z Unit Operations are physical processes in chemical industries in which there are no chemical processes, or the chemical processes are secondary. 3Sf[Ǐ z+T gSf[S^vǏ z Chemical Processes are the processes that comprise chemical reactions. 4S]StNUSCQd\O:Nxvz[avN蕀b/gyf[0 Principles of Chemical Engineering is a branch of chemical engineering that studies unit operations. 5Sf[S^] zNS]Ǐ z-NSf[Ǐ z\O:Nxvz[avN蕀b/gyf[0 6. Sf[] zxvzS]Ǐ zqQ'`ĉ_vN蕀b/gyf[0;N1uS]StTSf[S^] z$N*NR/e~b0SY؏ gS] OǏ zStTS]pRf[SS]|~] z N*NR/e Chemical Engineering is an applied science that studies the common character regularity of processes of chemical industries. 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S]Ǐ zSf[]NǏ z 1ur^irtǏ zTr^Sf[Ǐ z~bv]NǏ z0b\Se9eSbRyb g(uNTv]NǏ z0 Processes of Chemical Industries, in which raw materials are changed or separated into useful products, are industrial processes which are composed of a number of physical processes and chemical processes. 2USCQd\OS]Ǐ z-N N+TSf[S^bSf[S^!kvirtǏ z Unit Operations are physical processes in chemical industries in which there are no chemical processes, or the chemical processes are secondary. 3Sf[Ǐ z+T gSf[S^vǏ z Chemical Processes are the processes that comprise chemical reactions. 4S]StNUSCQd\O:Nxvz[avN蕀b/gyf[0 Principles of Chemical Engineering is a branch of chemical engineering that studies unit operations. 5Sf[S^] zNS]Ǐ z-NSf[Ǐ z\O:Nxvz[avN蕀b/gyf[0 6. Sf[] zxvzS]Ǐ zqQ'`ĉ_vN蕀b/gyf[0;N1uS]StTSf[S^] z$N*NR/e~b0SY؏ gS] OǏ zStTS]pRf[SS]|~] z N*NR/e Chemical Engineering is an applied science that studies the common character regularity of processes of chemical industries. 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S]Ǐ zSf[]NǏ z 1ur^irtǏ zTr^Sf[Ǐ z~bv]NǏ z0b\Se9eSbRyb g(uNTv]NǏ z0 Processes of Chemical Industries, in which raw materials are changed or separated into useful products, are industrial processes which are composed of a number of physical processes and chemical processes. 2USCQd\OS]Ǐ z-N N+TSf[S^bSf[S^!kvirtǏ z Unit Operations are physical processes in chemical industries in which there are no chemical processes, or the chemical processes are secondary. 3Sf[Ǐ z+T gSf[S^vǏ z Chemical Processes are the processes that comprise chemical reactions. 4S]StNUSCQd\O:Nxvz[avN蕀b/gyf[0 Principles of Chemical Engineering is a branch of chemical engineering that studies unit operations. 5Sf[S^] zNS]Ǐ z-NSf[Ǐ z\O:Nxvz[avN蕀b/gyf[0 6. Sf[] zxvzS]Ǐ zqQ'`ĉ_vN蕀b/gyf[0;N1uS]StTSf[S^] z$N*NR/e~b0SY؏ gS] OǏ zStTS]pRf[SS]|~] z N*NR/e Chemical Engineering is an applied science that studies the common character regularity of processes of chemical industries. Chemical Engineering consists mainly of Principles of Chemical Engineering and Chemical Reaction Engineering. In addition, it also includes Principles of Transfer Processes in Chemical Industries, Thermodynamics in Chemical Industries and System Engineering in Chemical Industries. This course covers the unit operations. 7. Ǐ z ir|r`SuSSv~Ǐ 8. ir| \O:Nxvz[avir( @ZZZZZHZZfZ"ZCZZ>  5 ?     H  f u         N0,g zvQ[0'`(SNRContents, Property and Tasks of This Course 1. Q[ AmSOAmRǏ z( ORǏ z)AmSO0lM0Ǐn0Am`S I{ USCQd\O OpǏ zpNbc0S I{ O(Ǐ z08T6e0S 0r^q0~vf I{ 2'`(b/gW@xbNNW@xbb/gyf[ W@x NNW@x NN W@xyf[ b/gyf[ ] zb/g W@x b/gW@x ^(ub/g 3NRW{Qf[uSs0Rg0㉳QUSCQd\O-NTyvR (1) N~ N OvW,gSt0 (2) N~;NUSCQd\OvxQWYg 0d\OSt0{0 W0S[xvzel0 3 W{Qf[uSs0Rg0㉳QUSCQd\O-NTyvR0 N0irtϑvUSMONϑ~Units and Dimensions of Physical Quantities 1USMOϑ-N\O:NpeUSCQ@bĉ[vhQϑ0 2USMO(ϑ)6R^1uW,gUSMOT[QUSMO~bvN|RϑUSMOv;`y0 3. 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AmSO NzǏAm~ AmR0 b. 3z`AmR-N~NAm~͑T0 (6) Am~e z 1u w N TT @bN 2. \O(u(WAmSO NvYRExterior force acting on fluid lTRNormal force hbRSurface force RTRjRRR Tangent force (shear force) YRExterior force (ϑRMass force ͑RGravity `'`RInertial force (1) hbR\O(u(W@bQvAmSOvhb NvR0[/f1uNAmSOvc扄vvQ[AmSObVSOv\O(uNuv0 (2) lTRNAmSOhbvWvNcT@bQvAmSOY萄vhbR0 (3) lT^RUSMOby N@bS0RvlTR s Pa0 (4) RTRjRRR NAmSOhbvRvhbR0 (5) RT^RjRR^R USMOby N@bS0RvRTR t Pa0 (6) (ϑR\O(u(W@bQvAmSOvteSO NvR0[/f1uR:Wv\O(uNuv [v'Y\NAmSOv(ϑbckk0 (7) USMO(ϑRUSMO(ϑvAmSO@bS0Rv(ϑR0(Wx0y0zeT NvRϑR+R:NX0Y0Z m/s20 (8) ͑R1u͑R:Wv\O(uNuv(ϑR0 9 `'`R1u^`'`|_wv(ϑR0(W^`'`|-N [r,{N[_/f N(uv0FOS_b`'`RNv^Qe ^`'`|-NNSO(u[r,{N[_0 z' `[9J=""1" """"2". "\     Z   J  2      4    P   q   6   K     \  *3. 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S]Ǐ zSf[]NǏ z 1ur^irtǏ zTr^Sf[Ǐ z~bv]NǏ z0b\Se9eSbRyb g(uNTv]NǏ z0 Processes of Chemical Industries, in which raw materials are changed or separated into useful products, are industrial processes which are composed of a number of physical processes and chemical processes. 2USCQd\OS]Ǐ z-N N+TSf[S^bSf[S^!kvirtǏ z Unit Operations are physical processes in chemical industries in which there are no chemical processes, or the chemical processes are secondary. 3Sf[Ǐ z+T gSf[S^vǏ z Chemical Processes are the processes that comprise chemical reactions. 4S]StNUSCQd\O:Nxvz[avN蕀b/gyf[0 Principles of Chemical Engineering is a branch of chemical engineering that studies unit operations. 5Sf[S^] zNS]Ǐ z-NSf[Ǐ z\O:Nxvz[avN蕀b/gyf[0 6. Sf[] zxvzS]Ǐ zqQ'`ĉ_vN蕀b/gyf[0;N1uS]StTSf[S^] z$N*NR/e~b0SY؏ gS] OǏ zStTS]pRf[SS]|~] z N*NR/e Chemical Engineering is an applied science that studies the common character regularity of processes of chemical industries. 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USMO6RR{|S{S USMO6R(FPS) USMO6R irtUSMO6R(CGS) VEUSMO6R(SI) +TbVvl[USMO6R ] zUSMO6R͑R6R :Q/5]#rz-""D , ] . _        (    NLu NnfMO(uvϑUSMO 6R^ g$N*N0N*N/f10N~R1uVNRzvFoot-Pound-Second Measurement System {y6R(FPS)SN*N/f18N~+g1ulVNSU\vCentimeter-Gram-Second Measurement System {yirt6R(CGS)0Teg] zLu\irt6RSU\:NMeter-Kilogram-Second Measurement System {ys|6R(MKS)01960t^,{ASNJ\VEϑ'YO[s|6RۏLNĉS ^zNInternational System of Units {yVE6R(SI)0] z6R/f] zLu(Ws|6RW@x NSU\wegv0VE6RN^0(ϑ0e:NW,gϑ Ns|0CSKQ(ϑ0y:Nv^vW,gUSMO ] z6RN^0R0e:NW,gϑ Ns|0CSKQR0y:Nv^vW,gUSMO0NCSKQR[IN:NNCSKQ(ϑvirSO(WS~45owms^b N@bSv͑R 9hnc[r,{N[_ SwNCSKQRI{N9.80665[r0bVvMR^:W NO(uv^6R(MS, Market System)/f(Ws|6RW@x N[bVe^6RۏLO9e b_bv0 1959t^bV?e^ck_nx[s|6R:NbVvW,gϑ6R^ 1977t^VRbϑ{tagOĉ[ bVvW,gϑ6R^/fs|6R ekǑ(uVE6R 01984t^SS^}TN nx[bV~N[LNVE6R:NW@x v^Sb1ubVc[vr^^VE6RUSMO(WQv 0-NNSNlqQTVl[ϑUSMO6R^ 0 {yl[6R0 4USMObc{\bc{sQ|NeQSUSMO-NsSSۏLUSMObc{ TNirtϑ(u N TUSMOϑe vQpe

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[INDefinitionbSNUO_\RT^ROSuޏ~Sb_vir(1\y:NAmSO0@b glSOT~'YYpemSO/fAmSO FO~Fm1\ N/fAmSO V:NRT^RǏvQH\ g^RKNT~FmMb_YAmR0 cInferenceAmSO Nbbb8O0 N0AmSOvS)'`T'`Compressibility and Expansibility S)|peCompression coefficient \.%e   v   [    "     #  4lfor water |peExpansion coefficient 4lfor water SN wQ4lvS)|pe_\ vQNvmSO_N g{|f6q YgbAmSO wb/f1uRP[~bveN( NRP[vЏReQKbegxvzAmSOЏRvĉ_ NN/fASRVv _N/fl g[EaINv0 Vdk (WxvzAmSOЏRĉ_e \AmSO wb/f1uAmSO(p~bvޏ~N(0[f (uAmSO(pޏ~N(vRf[!jW[Qvt/fYcknxS^AmSOЏRĉ_v0 AmSO(p/f1uepeRP[~bvv_'YNRP[s^GW1u zޏ~xdvs^GW z vg\USCQ NUSCQKNl g k*NUSCQS[IN/UNv[‰irtϑ Y)n^0SR0[^0|^0^0R^I{0ُ7h1\SN(uޏ~QpeegcAmSOЏRvĉ_0 [@b gvmSOS1*N'YlS NvlSO USCQvv_~:N1mm0V:N(WhQr` N 1mm3vzzl-N'Y~+T g3107*NRP[0@bN(WUSCQ NSN[INQNN/UNv[‰irtϑ0\Nv_ R g_‰] sSUSCQQvRP[pee9eS'YNv_ R g[‰] sSUSCQQvRP[R^ NGWS0 FOAmSO(p!jWvO(u/f gagNv0S_yr'`^Ns^GW1u zKNk'YN103e 1\SNO(uAmSO(p!jW &TRAmSO(p!jW1\ N(u0Y(W100kmvؚzz SR~:N0.133Pa zzl-N'llT.llRP[vs^GW1u z~:N1m ُeNSO(uAmSO(p!jW FO(Wv_:N1mv[hVQ YSR_N:N0.133Pa R NO(uAmSO(p!jW0 dZZZNZvZZZsT-* K    z {@                             * 2 ,{N AmSOYRf[FLUID STATICS ($&    :N. [^Density 1. [INDefinitionUSMOSOyAmSO@bwQ gv(ϑy:NAmSOv[^ sS 2. '`(Properties 1 [N[vAmSO 2 [N[vmSO 3 [t`mTmSO (1kg)mTmSOvSOyI{NT~RUSrX[(WevSOy KNT sS _-N ri  mTmSO-NT~Rv[^ kg/m3 xwi  mTmSO-NT~Rv(ϑRs0 4 [NOSlSO 1u _ _-N p  SR Pa M  id\(ϑ kg/mol T  ~[)n^ K(Kelvin) R  lSO8^pe 8.3145J/(molK)0 Z1ZZ   iD          #  "       &              5  b 1u _ S273.15K0101325Pa:N0r`v1mollSO R @bN 5 [NOSmTlSO vQ-N _-N Mi  mTlSO-NT~Rvid\(ϑ kg/mol yi  mTlSO-NT~Rvid\Rs0 b (1m3)mTlSOv(ϑI{NT~Rv(ϑKNT0sS _-N ri  mTlSO-NT~Rv[^ kg/m3 xvi  mTlSO-NT~RvSOyRs0 6 [ؚSlSO(uw[lSOr`e z{bg gsQVh I10N      .     (              , 6 nN. YSRStatic Pressure 1. [INDefinitionYbkAmSOQUSMOby N@bS0RvRy:NYSR {ySRbS:_ sS 2. '`(Properties 1 YbkAmSOQNUONpvSR _WvN\O(ub v^cT@bQvAmSOvQ0 SlFt_wAmR Fn_wb8O 2 YbkAmSOQNUONpvSR(WT*NeT N/fvI{v 1u NeTvRs^a _ N :Nؚ6ewz\ @bN D8# s     (   A    s P >3. USMOUnitsSRvUSMOgY gPa0atm0kgf/cm2(at)0mmHg0mH2O0barI{ [NKNvbc{sQ|:N 1atm=101325Pa=1.01325bar =1.0332kgf/cm2(at)=10.332mH2O=760mmHg 1kgf/cm2(at)=10mH2O=735.56mmHg =9.807104Pa=0.9807bar=0.9678atm 4. WQDatum 1 ~[SRThS~[SRNSR~[wzz :NWQ hSRNS_0W'YlS:NWQ Km[SR S_0W'YlShS:N SR0~[wzz~[SR:N @bN hS=~[SR-'YlS 2 wzz^wzz^_NNS_0W'YlS:NWQ FOwzz^NhSv{eTvS sSNON'YlSvpeO]Q""BA      r J[ N_(WR`)n N[yR _ b _-N 4^(uApplications (1) SRKmϑ a. c:ym (a) Bl NNn0 NS^0[^'YNKmAmSOv[^0 (b) 8^(uc:ym^l04l0V/lSx0mSOw!0 b. Ub_{S]Manometers YV@b 1uYRf[W,ge z _ N @bN S_KmAmSO:NlSOe 1uNr0 0r R N_S{S:N c. PUb_{S]f[ d. e{S]f[ . E. _]S]f[ 2 mMOKmϑf[ 3 nx[m\ؚ^f[ cw()""""X "".(                9           * 4 ,{ N AmSORRf[FLUID DYNAMICS ( &    N. AmϑFlow Rate 1SOyAmϑVolumetric flow rateUSMOeQAmSOAm~{SNN*bbvSOy :NV USMO:Nm3/s0 2. (ϑAmϑMass flow rateUSMOeQAmSOAm~{SNN*bbv(ϑ :NW USMO:Nkg/s0 >f6q N. 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AmSO NzǏAm~ AmR0 b. 3z`AmR-N~NAm~͑T0 (6) Am~e z 1u w N TT @bN 2. \O(u(WAmSO NvYRExterior force acting on fluid lTRNormal force hbRSurface force RTRjRRR Tangent force (shear force) YRExterior force (ϑRMass force ͑RGravity `'`RInertial force (1) hbR\O(u(W@bQvAmSOvhb NvR0[/f1uNAmSOvc扄vvQ[AmSObVSOv\O(uNuv0 (2) lTRNAmSOhbvWvNcT@bQvAmSOY萄vhbR0 (3) lT^RUSMOby N@bS0RvlTR s Pa0 (4) RTRjRRR NAmSOhbvRvhbR0 (5) RT^RjRR^R USMOby N@bS0RvRTR t Pa0 (6) (ϑR\O(u(W@bQvAmSOvteSO NvR0[/f1uR:Wv\O(uNuv [v'Y\NAmSOv(ϑbckk0 (7) USMO(ϑRUSMO(ϑvAmSO@bS0Rv(ϑR0(Wx0y0zeT NvRϑR+R:NX0Y0Z m/s20 (8) ͑R1u͑R:Wv\O(uNuv(ϑR0 9 `'`R1u^`'`|_wv(ϑR0(W^`'`|-N [r,{N[_/f N(uv0FOS_b`'`RNv^Qe ^`'`|-NNSO(u[r,{N[_0 z' `[9J=""1" """"2". "\     Z   J  2      4    P   q   6   K     \  *3. Navier-Stokese zNavier-Stokes Equation (W[EAmSO-NNSN_CQAmSO0YV@b R(WxeT N\O(uN勮_CQAmSO NvYR g (ϑRXrdxdydz lTR RTR \[r,{N[_R+R^(uNx0y0zeT _ ,e0                  \RT^R0lT^RN^h^vsQ| vQ-N   s^GWlT^R AmSOYbke 1u N_S_S_ 1ulT^RTYSRv[INSw AmSOYbkevlT^RNYSR'Y\vI{ eTvS0@bN   NeQ N_ sS_Navier-Stokese z 4Am~gR)Re zStreamline Bernoulli Equation {QNavier-Stokese z _ NeQAm~e zv^tet _ N_vRv^tet _ 0(>         *  [͑R:W-Nv3z[AmRbgNe;R g [ NSS)AmSOlAm~ۏL[yR _ {Sv^tet _ 5{SgR)Re zPipe Bernoulli Equation NSS)AmSO(WYV@b:yv{S-N\Oޏ~3z[vAmR0(W{SvI{_v{YNS$N*N*bb (W$N*bbKNNSN_CQAm_g0勮_CQAm_gN$N*bbvNvbyR+R:NdA1TdA2 a0bR+R:NdA1TdA2QvNp N$Np(W TNAm~ N0R\Am~gR)Re zNޏ~'`e zvXNv^l{*bbۏL[yR _ 3#     0>  J          0   (WI{_v{Y@b v*bbKNN NN4ls^{ Nv*bb:NO g \ N_NeQNavier-Stokese z S_ \ N_e z~-NvT$N_e zR+RXNNdy0dzTvR _ (W͑R:W-N g S_x SgN[ ? @ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z [ \ ] ^ _ ` a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z { | ~  2 [lSO N, NQdgؚbgNOSR 6. mTirv|^ 1 [8^SlSOmTir 2 [RP[ NTmSOmTir N. AmSOAmRevRϑ OMomentum Transfer of Fluid Flow Rϑ[R`[_ 1QiddRNuvSVRP[vRϑ OTRP[R0lSOvQiddR;N/f1uRP[vRϑ ONuvmSOvQiddR;N/fRP[RNuv0 2. QiddRvirtaINUSMOeǏUSMObyvRϑ sS @bN AmSOAmRǏ z_Ny:NRϑ OǏ z [r|'`[_1\/f[ϑcRϑ Ov[_0 V0^[rWAmSONewtonian and Non-Newtonian Fluids 1[rWAmSOn[r|'`[_vAmSO Yzzl04lI{0 2. ^[rWmSO Nn[r|'`[_vAmSO YlFm0ؚRP[nmI{0 z ``M."h  v !    + H " N. AmR{|WNQpeFlow Types and Reynolds Number 1. [saSAmR{|W AmSO(pS gtTЏRB\AmbnAm AmSO(pd gtTЏRY ؏ g_TЏR0Ǐ!nAm AmSO(pd gtTЏRT_TЏRY ؏vNxdTmT0 MnAmb }Am 2. Qpepe (Reynolds Number) laminar flow, transitional flow and turbulent flow B\Am^B\:S MnAm Ǐ!nAm:SQB\ MnAm;NSO:SMnAm8h_ 3AmSO(pvЏRe_ (1) B\AmtTЏR3z`AmR (2) MnAm R^3z`AmR eGW^ 8@'I*""7Z       S  # 4AmSO(WW{Qv^R^ (1) B\Ambir~R^ u=0.5umax 2 MnAm^bir~R^ uH"0.82umax 5AmSO(Wv{QvAmR;R 1 B\Am;RegꁅQiddR 2 MnAm;RegꁅQiddRTxdSmT sS;R:Nidd^RNMnAm^RKNT _-N e   mAm|^ Pas0 N/fir'` /fNAmRr` gsQv|pe0 mQ0LuB\vi_(Prandtl, 1904) Concept of Boundary Layers 1b_bmn!D@w!QiddR!Q!h^ (1) LuB\XbDяX[(W^h^vAmSOB\0N,SLuB\YvAmu=0.99us0 B\Am LuB\ Ǐ!nAm MnAm B\Am^B\:S MnAmLuB\ Ǐ!nAm:SQB\ MnAm;NSO:SMnAm8h_ 2 ;NAm:S NX[(W^h^v:SWbLuB\NYv:SW0 2. SU\ 1 s^g N;NAm:SAm NS0 B\Am MnAm ,]"  Wn"% #"      J      * A     $ (2) v{QAmSO{~N[vݍyMbb_b3z[vLuB\01uN;`Amϑ NS -N_AmXR0 LuB\`Sncte*N{*bb0 a.B\Am3z[k(bۏSk)^ b. MnAmB\Am^B\S^ C. ^(uKmϑp^(W3z[kKNT0B\AmSSx0=(50~100)d MnAmN,SSwN0 3RyAmSOAm~fbe LuB\NXb1yvsa0 (1) b_b uA=0 pA=maxAm*bbQ\uB=max pB=mixAm*bbX'Y R=\uC=0 pC=max1yPAmemxdTmTb_SO;R0 2 ^(uAmSOAmǏ^v{e ^Qb_SO;R0sS;R:Nidd;Ridd^RNMnAm^RKNT Nb_SO;RKNT0 08~:">""5 7"        TH=         3                 O /%B,{N AmSOAmR;RFLUID-FLOW FRICTION " &    N0;Rv+TINFriction Implication QiddR=idd;R=AmR;R=ϑ_c1Y=;R_c1Y=;R=hf N0;RvR{|Classification of the Friction v{;RSkin friction ( ) I{_ v{ ;R( ) @\;RForm friction ( ) {N00ۏQSI{ N04ls^v{;RFriction of Straight Pipe (Wv{-NNSNkAmRAmSO0YV@b R1u _ S1uxeT NvRs^a _ @bN jD"58      8   1    !   0& N  idd|pe R V0^4ls^v{;R(`ՋBlWvv{v;R) Friction of Non-straight Pipe NWvv{;R:NO0YV@b R1u _ S1uyeT NvRs^a _ @bN @bN ^4ls^v{;RN4ls^v{;R/fvI{v0 N0{X||^Roughness of Pipe Walls 1{vR{|Classification of pipes IQn{Smooth pipest{0ܔ{0QXe{I{ { ||{Rough pipe{0{I{ J)7Rp$FB     4          !     M' T2~[||^Absolute roughness||bQQRvs^GWؚ^ e m0 3v[||^Relative roughness eϑ~V!k 0 4B\Ame ||^[;Rl gq_T0 5MnAme (1) l gq_T0 2 gq_T0 mQ0B\Amidd|peFriction Factor of Laminar Flow (Wv{-NNSNkAmRAmSO0YV@b R1uxeT NvRs^a _ tet_ N[yR( ) _   ^R^ @bN   ^R^ S [yR(r =0e, V=0; r =Re, V=V) _ j('E"(      h             V(  @bN   Hagon-PoiseuillelQ_ @bN [k @bN   B\Amidd|pe N0MnAmidd|peFriction Factor of Turbulent Flow 1. ϑ~V!k RglDimensional analysis 1u[w N_-N7*Nirtϑvϑ~R+R:N 0f*Fx$     : "    # `) 1uϑ~vI{ _ 1uV!kvI{ _ KN VN tet 1u[w DpNlbckk @bNb=10 @bN [k R   MnAmidd|pe ,m*Bf+       2 i* `2lNRe vsQ|The friction-factor chart sQ|V1-27(P54)0VSR:NV*N:SW (1) B\Am:S[Red"2000 (2) Ǐ!nAm:S(2000"" &" ""   "1d             (                   m+ kQ0^Wb_v{;RFriction of Noncircular Straight Channels 1. S_ϑv_4 PvAm*bbyNmnhTKNk sS 2. Qy{vS_ϑv_ 1 Wb_{ 2 WY{s 3. B\AmlvOck _-N C  8^pe eϑ~ vQPev{;RYUO{ 13np $ (7   (  ##h(  r  S h. p  . r  S $. 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S]Ǐ zSf[]NǏ z 1ur^irtǏ zTr^Sf[Ǐ z~bv]NǏ z0b\Se9eSbRyb g(uNTv]NǏ z0 Processes of Chemical Industries, in which raw materials are changed or separated into useful products, are industrial processes which are composed of a number of physical processes and chemical processes. 2USCQd\OS]Ǐ z-N N+TSf[S^bSf[S^!kvirtǏ z Unit Operations are physical processes in chemical industries in which there are no chemical processes, or the chemical processes are secondary. 3Sf[Ǐ z+T gSf[S^vǏ z Chemical Processes are the processes that comprise chemical reactions. 4S]StNUSCQd\O:Nxvz[avN蕀b/gyf[0 Principles of Chemical Engineering is a branch of chemical engineering that studies unit operations. 5Sf[S^] zNS]Ǐ z-NSf[Ǐ z\O:Nxvz[avN蕀b/gyf[0 6. Sf[] zxvzS]Ǐ zqQ'`ĉ_vN蕀b/gyf[0;N1uS]StTSf[S^] z$N*NR/e~b0SY؏ gS] OǏ zStTS]pRf[SS]|~] z N*NR/e Chemical Engineering is an applied science that studies the common character regularity of processes of chemical industries. Chemical Engineering consists mainly of Principles of Chemical Engineering and Chemical Reaction Engineering. In addition, it also includes Principles of Transfer Processes in Chemical Industries, Thermodynamics in Chemical Industries and System Engineering in Chemical Industries. This course covers the unit operations. 7. Ǐ z ir|r`SuSSv~Ǐ 8. ir| \O:Nxvz[avir( @ZZZZZHZZfZ"ZCZZ>  5 ?     H  f u         N0,g zvQ[0'`(SNRContents, Property and Tasks of This Course 1. Q[ AmSOAmRǏ z( ORǏ z)AmSO0lM0Ǐn0Am`S I{ USCQd\O OpǏ zpNbc0S I{ O(Ǐ z08T6e0S 0r^q0~vf I{ 2'`(b/gW@xbNNW@xbb/gyf[ W@x NNW@x NN W@xyf[ b/gyf[ ] zb/g W@x b/gW@x ^(ub/g 3NRW{Qf[uSs0Rg0㉳QUSCQd\O-NTyvR (1) N~ N OvW,gSt0 (2) N~;NUSCQd\OvxQWYg 0d\OSt0{0 W0S[xvzel0 3 W{Qf[uSs0Rg0㉳QUSCQd\O-NTyvR0 N0irtϑvUSMONϑ~Units and Dimensions of Physical Quantities 1USMOϑ-N\O:NpeUSCQ@bĉ[vhQϑ0 2USMO(ϑ)6R^1uW,gUSMOT[QUSMO~bvN|RϑUSMOv;`y0 3. 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M' T2~[||^Absolute roughness||bQQRvs^GWؚ^ e m0 3v[||^Relative roughness eϑ~V!k 0 4B\Ame ||^[;Rl gq_T0 5MnAme (1) l gq_T0 2 gq_T0 mQ0B\Amidd|peFriction Factor of Laminar Flow (Wv{-NNSNkAmRAmSO0YV@b R1uxeT NvRs^a _ tet_ N[yR( ) _   ^R^ @bN   ^R^ S [yR(r =0e, V=0; r =Re, V=V) _ j('E"(      h             V(  @bN   Hagon-PoiseuillelQ_ @bN [k @bN   B\Amidd|pe N0MnAmidd|peFriction Factor of Turbulent Flow 1. ϑ~V!k RglDimensional analysis 1u[w N_-N7*Nirtϑvϑ~R+R:N 0f*Fx$     : "    # `) 1uϑ~vI{ _ 1uV!kvI{ _ KN VN tet 1u[w DpNlbckk @bNb=10 @bN [k R   MnAmidd|pe ,m*Bf+       2 i* `2lNRe vsQ|The friction-factor chart sQ|V1-27(P54)0VSR:NV*N:SW (1) B\Am:S[Red"2000 (2) Ǐ!nAm:S(2000"" &" ""   "1d             (                   m+ kQ0^Wb_v{;RFriction of Noncircular Straight Channels 1. S_ϑv_4 PvAm*bbyNmnhTKNk sS 2. Qy{vS_ϑv_ 1 Wb_{ 2 WY{s 3. B\AmlvOck _-N C  8^pe eϑ~ vQPev{;RYUO{ 13np $ (7   rc~4 ?~