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' = @B D ' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D' =%(D' =%(DR' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*L%(D' =-6B%strips(downRight)*<3<*LD' =%(D' =%(DR' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*L(%(D' =-6B%strips(downRight)*<3<*L(D' =%(D' =%(DR' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*L([%(D' =-6B%strips(downRight)*<3<*L([D' =%(D' =%(DR' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*L[v%(D' =-6B%strips(downRight)*<3<*L[v+8+0+L' + f^@(  `  c $8`<$  0   dT=0 dp=0 [IN: Zi,m= (Z/ni)T,p,n(j`"i) (2) Zi,m: i ir(vOPid\ϑ(partial molar quantity).Pc ((((((( ((   c $A ??  8 $@ 0  6@,$  0 .BlZvhQ_R: dZ=(Z/T)dT+(Z/p)dp+"(Z/ni)T,p,n(j`"i)dni [NR`)n, R`SǏ z, N_S:N:J 2   (B  s *3޽h ? ̙33___PPT10.+.'D' = @B D' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D' =%(%(D' =%(D>' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*8%(D' =-m6Bbox(in)*<3<*8D' =%(D' =%(D>' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*8J%(D' =-m6Bbox(in)*<3<*8JD=' =%(D' =%(D3' =4@BB BB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D' =-o6Bdissolve*<3<*DR' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D' =-6B%strips(downRight)*<3<*D' =%(D^' =%(DR' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D' =-6B%strips(downRight)*<3<*DR' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*8%(D' =-6B%strips(downRight)*<3<*8DR' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*9c%(D' =-6B%strips(downRight)*<3<*9c+p+0+ ++0+ + PP2(  P P S !<$ 0  h2OPid\ϑvirt+TIN [/fpRf[_\XϑNi~Rid\pev_\XϑKNk, /f:_^ϑ. \OPid\ϑNeQZvhQ_R_, I{)nI{S N: dZ="Zi,mdni (3) ZSN/fNaNy^^pRf[ϑ, YSOy: Vi,m= (V/ni)T,p,n(j`"i) Vi,mSO|-Niir(vOPid\SOy.jx $'(!'('(!'('(!!,,,,,((((((( ((  H P 0޽h ? ̙33___PPT10.+3D>' = @B D' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D' =%(D' =%(DT' =A@BBB B0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*P *%(D' =-6B'blinds(horizontal)*<3<*P *D`' =%(D' =%(DT' =A@BBB B0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*P+A%(D' =-6B'blinds(horizontal)*<3<*P+ADT' =A@BBB B0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*PAU%(D' =-6B'blinds(horizontal)*<3<*PAUD' =%(Dd' =%(DT' =A@BBB B0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*PUj%(D' =-6B'blinds(horizontal)*<3<*PUjDT' =A@BBB B0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*Pj%(D' =-6B'blinds(horizontal)*<3<*PjDT' =A@BBB B0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*P%(D' =-6B'blinds(horizontal)*<3<*P+8+0+P +  ZR`D(  Dr D S 0'   ' 8 D c $V%BY<$  0 ' OPid\ϑ/f:_^'`(. @bNOPid\ϑvpe+B#style.visibility<*D0%(D' =-6B%strips(downRight)*<3<*D0D\' =%(D' =%(DR' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*D1?%(D' =-6B%strips(downRight)*<3<*D1?DR' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*D?_%(D' =-6B%strips(downRight)*<3<*D?_+8+0+D% + (  V  S )q%<$ 0 ) Oc(WyRǏ z-NSO|T~Rv Sm^ NS, RT~RvOPid\ϑZi,mv+B#style.visibility<*=b%(D' =-u6Bdiamond(in)*<3<*=bDF' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*bx%(D' =-u6Bdiamond(in)*<3<*bxDF' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*x%(D' =-u6Bdiamond(in)*<3<*x+8+0+) + `(  z Co  mo,$D 0`  0>Cof  6> f  6>  s *ff VY,$@ 0  6B) VY,$@ 0 ,Lz     ,$@ 0`   033z Z   s *! z Ss   Ss,$D 0   0A)S s :4l 2$!   0x)tSs <YN 2$!  0|n)w  jyRǏ z4lNYNvAmvI{2(2 &$ff&$B  s *޽h ? ̙33___PPT10.4`G+yD' = @B D' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D' =%(D' =%(DG' =4@BBB B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D' =-6B'blinds(horizontal)*<3<*D' =%(D' =%(DK' =4@BBB B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* %(D' =-6B+checkerboard(across)*<3<* D ' =%(D ' =%(Dg' =4@BBBB%()))D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D' =-s6Bcircle(in)*<3<*D3' =4@BBB B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D' =-o6Bbox(out)*<3<*D@' =A@BBB B0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D' =-o6Bbox(out)*<3<*D@' =A@BB@BB0B%()?)?D' =.O7 BBBBBaM 1.38889E-6 -1.85185E-6 L 1.38889E-6 -0.28079 *3>*B ppt_xB ppt_y=@0BBAApBBB<*+p+0+) ++0+) +  p(  `  c $@N)<$  0 ) OPid\ϑƖTlQ_virt+TIN/f: Y~RSO|vpRf[ϑI{NT~Rvid\ peNvQv^vOPid\ϑXNyv;`T. la: OPid\ϑ/fSO|^^'`(vOP_FU, vQ_FUvagN/f: I{)n, I{S, vQ[~Rvir(vϑ NS. ~ir(vOPid\ϑI{NvQid\ϑ70'$$',    '$'$'$'$'$'$'(" B  s *3޽h ? ̙33___PPT10.+y[D(' = @B D ' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D' =%(D' =%(DR' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*7%(D' =-6B%strips(downRight)*<3<*7D ' =%(D ' =%(DR' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*7;%(D' =-6B%strips(downRight)*<3<*7;DR' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*;U%(D' =-6B%strips(downRight)*<3<*;UDR' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*Uk%(D' =-6B%strips(downRight)*<3<*UkDR' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*kz%(D' =-6B%strips(downRight)*<3<*kz+8+0+) + D<(    S f)p<$ 0 ) A0B~bnm nmSOy/fA0BOPid\SOyvRT V=nAVA,m+nBVB,m gOPid\ϑ@bh:yv/f SO|-Nv~R[gpRf['`(v!.s. I&$&(.(&(.(&(.(&(.(&(&$x   H  0޽h ? ̙33r j ___PPT10J .4 @+ D ' = @B D ' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D' =%(D' =%(D@' =A@BBB B0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D' =-o6Bbox(out)*<3<*D' =%(D' =%(D@' =A@BBB B0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<**%(D' =-o6Bbox(out)*<3<**D' =%(D' =%(D@' =A@BBB B0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<**6%(D' =-o6Bbox(out)*<3<**6D' =%(D' =%(D@' =A@BBB B0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*6I%(D' =-o6Bbox(out)*<3<*6I+8+0+) +  pj(  r  S {%Pp@  %   s *tI%<$  0 % [IN: OPid\ T^e1u:NSf[R (chemical potential) mi=(G/ni)T,p,n(j`"i) (5) mi : iir(vSf[R. Sf[R_N/fNyOPid\ϑ, V:NGvOPid\ϑ(WSf[-Nyr+R͑, (W{-N8^8^Qs, EeNNyra[IN[:NSf[R.6*xG*$,,,,, ,,$$ $$7$   B  s *3޽h ? ̙33V N ___PPT10. .+ TdD ' = @B D ' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D' =%(D^' =%(DR' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<**%(D' =-6B%strips(downRight)*<3<**DR' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<**H%(D' =-6B%strips(downRight)*<3<**HDR' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*HW%(D' =-6B%strips(downRight)*<3<*HWD' =%(D' =%(DR' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*X%(D' =-6B%strips(downRight)*<3<*X+8+0+% +  \(  \r \ S @%P0  %  \ S dM%0 <$  0 % HN[NY~RSO|, SO|vr`SNƉ:N)n^, SRTT~Rir(vϑvQpe: G=G(T,p,n1,n2, & nr) BlGvhQ_R: dG=(G/T)dT+(G/p)dp +"(G/ni)T,p,n(j`"i)dni dG= SdT+Vdp+"(G/ni)T,p,n(j`"i)dni 0n( ,,,,,,, $&$ $&$$&$$$$ $$$$ $&$$$$ $$$$&$   H \ 0޽h ? ̙33___PPT10.+LbD(' = @B D ' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D\' =%(D' =%(DR' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*\%%(D' =-6B%strips(downRight)*<3<*\%DR' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*\%<%(D' =-6B%strips(downRight)*<3<*\%<D' =%(D^' =%(DR' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*\<D%(D' =-6B%strips(downRight)*<3<*\<DDR' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*\D%(D' =-6B%strips(downRight)*<3<*\DDR' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*\%(D' =-6B%strips(downRight)*<3<*\+8+0+\% +  F>H(  H H S `)k<$  0 ) \Sf[Rv[IN_NeQ N_: dG= SdT+Vdp+"midni (6) (6)_:Nc^vpRf[W,gsQ|_, SN(uN gSf[S^SuvY~RSO|. [U,H,FI{Qpe_NS\O{|+B#style.visibility<*H(%(D' =-6B%strips(downRight)*<3<*H(DR' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*H(O%(D' =-6B%strips(downRight)*<3<*H(OD' =%(D' =%(DR' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*HOc%(D' =-6B%strips(downRight)*<3<*HOc+8+0+H) +  (     c $$ <$  0  NQU:NO: U=G pV+TS dU= dG pdV Vdp+TdS+SdT \dGvU\__NeQ N_: dU= SdT+Vdp+"midni pdV Vdp+TdS+SdT dU=TdS pdV+"midni (7)y$$ , ,,,,,,,H   l ^   ^ ,$D  0`2   0Ԕ^6 W `2   0ԔQqh   c *BCDEpF0AAԔ/^-K^  Q7kr_NC<~G2R[O^m@         "` B  s *3޽h ? ̙33]U___PPT105.+[D' = @B D' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D\' =%(D' =%(DR' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* %(D' =-6B%strips(downRight)*<3<* DR' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* -%(D' =-6B%strips(downRight)*<3<* -D' =%(D' =%(DR' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* .=%(D' =-6B%strips(downRight)*<3<* .=DO' =%(D' =%(DR' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* =`%(D' =-6B%strips(downRight)*<3<* =`DE' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* %(D' =-6B%strips(downRight)*<3<* D' =%(D' =%(DR' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* `y%(D' =-6B%strips(downRight)*<3<* `y+8+0+  + p(  v  S \<<$ 0  tSf[RvvQ[b__[IN_ 1uYCQQpevhQ_R[IN: dU=dU(S,V,n1,n2,...nr) =(U/S)dS+(U/V)dV+"(U/ni)S,V,n(j`"i)dni =TdS pdV+"midni k(7)_T N_, S_: mi=(U/ni)S,V,n(j`"i) N__N/fSf[Rv[IN_, N(5)/fI{Nv.X xx &,f       $$$$$$666666 66 (   H  0޽h ? ̙33ZR___PPT102.Q6pw0+;CD' = @B D' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +DX' =%(D' =%(DP' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* %(D' =-6B#blinds(vertical)*<3<* DP' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*z%(D' =-6B#blinds(vertical)*<3<*zD' =%(D' =%(DP' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*z%(D' =-6B#blinds(vertical)*<3<*zDX' =%(D' =%(DP' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D' =-6B#blinds(vertical)*<3<*DP' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D' =-6B#blinds(vertical)*<3<*+8+0+ + $d(  $, $ c $ <$  0  *Y~RSO|vGibbssQ|_ : ((uNRs^a, ps^a,S\OSOyRvGWvSO|) dU=TdS pdV+"midni (8) dH=TdS+Vdp+"midni (9) dF= SdT pdV+"midni (10) dG= SdT+Vdp+"midni (11)}((((&( &(((((&(((((&(((((&(((((&(.      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N,`Q N: LubR(ϑN`Ste*NSO|vg\R Lubv'`(vq_TSN_eu N SO|pRf[Qpe/fTvpe+B#style.visibility<*( (%(D' =-6B%strips(downRight)*<3<*( (D' =%(D^' =%(DR' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*((:%(D' =-6B%strips(downRight)*<3<*((:DR' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*(:I%(D' =-6B%strips(downRight)*<3<*(:IDR' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*(I[%(D' =-6B%strips(downRight)*<3<*(I[D' =%(D^' =%(DR' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*([f%(D' =-6B%strips(downRight)*<3<*([fDR' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*(fn%(D' =-6B%strips(downRight)*<3<*(fnDR' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*(nw%(D' =-6B%strips(downRight)*<3<*(nw+8+0+( + `t(  `< ` S ` P<$ 0  gNvvGvhQ_R_:N: dGa = SadT+Vadp+"mia dnia SO|vGvhQ_R:N dG = "SadT+"Vadp +"(a)"(i) mia dnia 5" "Sa=S "Va=V 4" dG= SdT+Vdp +"(a)"(i) mia dnia mia = (G/ni(a))T,p,n(j`"i,a) N N$N_:N YvY~RSO|v T^e1uhQ_RU\__TSf[Rv[IN_.$$$$$$$ $:    !H ` 0޽h ? ̙33___PPT10.+DdDJ' = @B D' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D' =%(D' =%(DT' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*` +%(D' =-6B'checkerboard(down)*<3<*` +D' =%(Dd' =%(DT' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*`,9%(D' =-6B'checkerboard(down)*<3<*`,9DT' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*`9a%(D' =-6B'checkerboard(down)*<3<*`9aDT' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*`at%(D' =-6B'checkerboard(down)*<3<*`atD`' =%(D' =%(DT' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*`u%(D' =-6B'checkerboard(down)*<3<*`uDT' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*`%(D' =-6B'checkerboard(down)*<3<*`D' =%(D' =%(DT' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*`%(D' =-6B'checkerboard(down)*<3<*`+8+0+` +r ,(  ,n , c $+7`I<$  0  YvSO|vpRf[W,glQ_:N dU= TdS pdV +"(a)"(i) mia dnia (16) dH= TdS + Vdp +"(a)"(i) mia dnia (17) dF= SdT pdV +"(a)"(i) mia dnia (18) dG= SdT + Vdp +"(a)"(i) mia dnia (19) (16)_0R(19)v(uV: ]Rs^a, ps^a, NS\OSOyRv YvY~RSO|.B$ !'$   B , s *3޽h ? ̙33 ___PPT10.+ TdD' = @B D=' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D ' =%(D ' =%(DR' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*,9%(D' =-6B%strips(downRight)*<3<*,9DR' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*,9d%(D' =-6B%strips(downRight)*<3<*,9dDR' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*,d%(D' =-6B%strips(downRight)*<3<*,dDR' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*,%(D' =-6B%strips(downRight)*<3<*,D\' =%(D' =%(DR' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*,%(D' =-6B%strips(downRight)*<3<*,DR' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*,%(D' =-6B%strips(downRight)*<3<*,+8+0+, +  d@(  dr d S n%p@  %  d c $`! <$ 0 % tpRf[s^aSbRs^a0ps^a0vs^aTSf[s^a0 vs^aTSf[s^aSNTv^:N ir(s^a QI{)nI{S NSO|ir(s^avagN dG= SdT+Vdp +"(a)"(i) mia dnia SO|pRf[s^ae gdG=00 EeI{)nI{S, SO|ir(s^avagN:N: "(a)"(i) mia dnia=0 (dT=0, dp=0, Wf=0) (20).-$f&0&0f$f$ $f$$$f$$$ ((((((((G   H d 0޽h ? ̙33___PPT10n.+;:D' = @B D' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D8' =%(D' =%(D@' =A@BBB B0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*d%(D' =-o6Bbox(out)*<3<*dD@' =A@BBB B0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*d2%(D' =-o6Bbox(out)*<3<*d2D' =%(D(' =%(D@' =A@BBB B0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*d2E%(D' =-o6Bbox(out)*<3<*d2ED@' =A@BBB B0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*dEh%(D' =-o6Bbox(out)*<3<*dEhD@' =A@BBB B0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*dhy%(D' =-o6Bbox(out)*<3<*dhyD8' =%(D' =%(D@' =A@BBB B0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*dy%(D' =-o6Bbox(out)*<3<*dyD@' =A@BBB B0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*d%(D' =-o6Bbox(out)*<3<*d+8+0+d! + H@l(  l l S 7P<$  0   TtSw SO| (WI{)n, I{[ Nir(s^avagN:N "(a)"(i) mia dnia=0 (dT=0, dV=0, Wf=0) (21) SO| (WI{qI{[ Nir(s^avagN:N "(a)"(i) mia dnia=0 (dS=0, dV=0, Wf=0) (22) SO| (WI{qI{S Nir(s^avagN:N "(a)"(i) mia dnia=0 (dS=0, dp=0, Wf=0) (23)0}A f f f 8       H l 0޽h ? ̙33`X___PPT108.+y[D' = @B D' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D' =%(D' =%(DR' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*lM%(D' =-6B%strips(downRight)*<3<*lMD\' =%(D' =%(DR' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*lMa%(D' =-6B%strips(downRight)*<3<*lMaDR' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*la%(D' =-6B%strips(downRight)*<3<*laD\' =%(D' =%(DR' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*l%(D' =-6B%strips(downRight)*<3<*lDR' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*l%(D' =-6B%strips(downRight)*<3<*l+8+0+l +* |t0(  0 0 c $\7<$  0 7 B@N NT_f[N  I{)nI{SǏ z I{)nI{[Ǐ z I{qI{[Ǐ z I{qI{SǏ z SO|ir(s^avagNGW/fN7hv "(a)"(i) mia dnia=0 (\SO|, Wf=0,SǏ z) (24) la N_v^(uV/f: \SO|, N\O g(uR SǏ z..(((((((( ,,,,,,,,  (;    B 0 s *3޽h ? ̙33V N ___PPT10. .+ TdD ' = @B D ' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D\' =%(D' =%(DR' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*0;M%(D' =-6B%strips(downRight)*<3<*0;MDR' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*0M%(D' =-6B%strips(downRight)*<3<*0MD\' =%(D' =%(DR' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*0%(D' =-6B%strips(downRight)*<3<*0DR' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*0%(D' =-6B%strips(downRight)*<3<*0+8+0+07 + p(  pL p S H7`P<$  0 7 nSf[R1\/fir(s^av$Rnc0 Nvs^a:NO i ir((WbvTdvGWX[(W, v^]vs^a, gdnviir(1ubvAmeQdv, [s^aǏ z g: dG=mibdnib+ middni d=0 (vQYOTydn=0, N) 5" dnib= dni d 4" mibdnib middni b=0 4" mib mid=0 mib=mid ,?$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$(((((($$Z    H p 0޽h ? ̙33___PPT10.+y[DB' = @B D' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D' =%(D' =%(DR' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*pH%(D' =-6B%strips(downRight)*<3<*pHD' =%(D' =%(DR' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*pHp%(D' =-6B%strips(downRight)*<3<*pHpD' =%(D' =%(DR' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*pp%(D' =-6B%strips(downRight)*<3<*ppD' =%(D' =%(DR' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*p%(D' =-6B%strips(downRight)*<3<*pD' =%(D' =%(DR' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*p%(D' =-6B%strips(downRight)*<3<*pD' =%(D' =%(DR' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*p%(D' =-6B%strips(downRight)*<3<*p+8+0+p7 +n jb4(  4 4 c $ ,t{}<$  0  0 i ir(S0WNbvAmTdv, :NNSǏ z: dG= middni d+mibdnib <0 4" (mid mib) dni d <0 dni d>0 4" mib>mid d(,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,  B 4 s *3޽h ? ̙33  ___PPT10 .+y[D$ ' = @B D ' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D' =%(D' =%(DR' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*44%(D' =-6B%strips(downRight)*<3<*44D' =%(D' =%(DR' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*44V%(D' =-6B%strips(downRight)*<3<*44VD' =%(D' =%(DR' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*4Vd%(D' =-6B%strips(downRight)*<3<*4Vd+8+0+4 +* `(  h  S A,c<$ 0 , Sf[R$Rnc, sSir(AmTv$Rnc: mib>mid iir(1ubvAmeQdv mib<mid iir(1ud vAmeQbv (25) mib=mid bvNdvs^a B',0(((((((((((((((((( ((P    H  0޽h ? ̙33  ___PPT10 .4?/+beCD6 ' = @B D ' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D' =%(D' =%(DX' =A@BBB B0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%%(D' =-6B+checkerboard(across)*<3<*%D' =%(D' =%(DX' =A@BBB B0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%@%(D' =-6B+checkerboard(across)*<3<*%@D' =%(D' =%(DX' =A@BBB B0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*@S%(D' =-6B+checkerboard(across)*<3<*@S+8+0+, +  tb(  t* t S Db,`<$ 0 , SO|ir(s^ae ~R(WTvvSf[RvI{ Ee g: "(a)"(i) mia dnia="(i)"(a) mia dnia ="(i)mia"(a)dnia = "mi dni "dnia= dni 1udk, ir(s^ae zS{S:N: "mi dni=0 (26) [NQ萾s^avSO|, ir(_s^a, Ee: "(a)"(i) mia dnia=0 b "mi dni=0n' ,,,, ,  2    H t 0޽h ? ̙33^V___PPT106.+RO`D' = @B D' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D' =%(DX' =%(DP' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*tD%(D' =-6B#blinds(vertical)*<3<*tDDP' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*tDb%(D' =-6B#blinds(vertical)*<3<*tDbDP' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*tb%(D' =-6B#blinds(vertical)*<3<*tbDX' =%(D' =%(DP' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*t%(D' =-6B#blinds(vertical)*<3<*tDP' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*t%(D' =-6B#blinds(vertical)*<3<*tD' =%(DX' =%(DP' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*t%(D' =-6B#blinds(vertical)*<3<*tDP' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*t%(D' =-6B#blinds(vertical)*<3<*tDP' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*t%(D' =-6B#blinds(vertical)*<3<*t+8+0+t, + 08H(  8 8 c $' c<$  0 , xB[NQs^avSO| pRf[W,gsQ|_S{S:N: dU= TdS pdV (1) dH= TdS + Vdp (2) dF= SdT pdV (3) dG= SdT+ Vdp (4) @bNdkV*NsQ|_ NN(uN{US\SO|, ؏(uN]Qs^av,S\OSOyRvNUO\SO|. P,,,%%%%%%%L     B 8 s *3޽h ? ̙33___PPT10.+ TdD(' = @B D ' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D ' =%(D ' =%(DR' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*8/%(D' =-6B%strips(downRight)*<3<*8/DR' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*8/I%(D' =-6B%strips(downRight)*<3<*8/IDR' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*8I]%(D' =-6B%strips(downRight)*<3<*8I]DR' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*8]r%(D' =-6B%strips(downRight)*<3<*8]rD' =%(D' =%(DR' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*8r%(D' =-6B%strips(downRight)*<3<*8r+8+0+8' +  H @ <(  <r < S Ȥ!`  !  < s *!pP<$  0 ! 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